nonblocking dynamic imports

Allows dynamic imports to be loading asynchronously. I know reddit isnt the
best example, since it doesn't fully load, but this reduced the load time from
~7.2s to ~4.8s.
This commit is contained in:
Karl Seguin
2025-09-24 22:25:56 +08:00
parent eff7d58f4b
commit b692c5db60
5 changed files with 342 additions and 77 deletions

View File

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ client: *Http.Client,
allocator: Allocator,
buffer_pool: BufferPool,
script_pool: std.heap.MemoryPool(PendingScript),
async_module_pool: std.heap.MemoryPool(AsyncModule),
const OrderList = std.DoublyLinkedList;
@@ -85,6 +86,7 @@ pub fn init(browser: *Browser, page: *Page) ScriptManager {
.static_scripts_done = false,
.buffer_pool = BufferPool.init(allocator, 5),
.script_pool = std.heap.MemoryPool(PendingScript).init(allocator),
.async_module_pool = std.heap.MemoryPool(AsyncModule).init(allocator),
};
}
@@ -92,6 +94,7 @@ pub fn deinit(self: *ScriptManager) void {
self.reset();
self.buffer_pool.deinit();
self.script_pool.deinit();
self.async_module_pool.deinit();
}
pub fn reset(self: *ScriptManager) void {
@@ -256,7 +259,7 @@ pub fn addFromElement(self: *ScriptManager, element: *parser.Element) !void {
// Unlike external modules which can only ever be executed after releasing an
// http handle, these are executed without there necessarily being a free handle.
// Thus, Http/Client.zig maintains a dedicated handle for these calls.
pub fn blockingGet(self: *ScriptManager, url: [:0]const u8) !BlockingResult {
pub fn blockingGet(self: *ScriptManager, url: [:0]const u8) !GetResult {
std.debug.assert(self.is_blocking == false);
self.is_blocking = true;
@@ -302,6 +305,34 @@ pub fn blockingGet(self: *ScriptManager, url: [:0]const u8) !BlockingResult {
}
}
pub fn getAsyncModule(self: *ScriptManager, url: [:0]const u8, cb: AsyncModule.Callback, cb_data: *anyopaque) !void {
const async = try self.async_module_pool.create();
errdefer self.async_module_pool.destroy(async);
async.* = .{
.cb = cb,
.manager = self,
.cb_data = cb_data,
};
var headers = try self.client.newHeaders();
try self.page.requestCookie(.{}).headersForRequest(self.page.arena, url, &headers);
try self.client.request(.{
.url = url,
.method = .GET,
.headers = headers,
.cookie_jar = self.page.cookie_jar,
.ctx = async,
.resource_type = .script,
.start_callback = if (log.enabled(.http, .debug)) AsyncModule.startCallback else null,
.header_callback = AsyncModule.headerCallback,
.data_callback = AsyncModule.dataCallback,
.done_callback = AsyncModule.doneCallback,
.error_callback = AsyncModule.errorCallback,
});
}
pub fn staticScriptsDone(self: *ScriptManager) void {
std.debug.assert(self.static_scripts_done == false);
self.static_scripts_done = true;
@@ -594,7 +625,7 @@ const Script = struct {
.javascript => _ = js_context.eval(content, url) catch break :blk false,
.module => {
// We don't care about waiting for the evaluation here.
_ = js_context.module(content, url, cacheable) catch break :blk false;
js_context.module(false, content, url, cacheable) catch break :blk false;
},
}
break :blk true;
@@ -760,7 +791,7 @@ const Blocking = struct {
const State = union(enum) {
running: void,
err: anyerror,
done: BlockingResult,
done: GetResult,
};
fn startCallback(transfer: *Http.Transfer) !void {
@@ -814,19 +845,93 @@ const Blocking = struct {
fn errorCallback(ctx: *anyopaque, err: anyerror) void {
var self: *Blocking = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ctx));
self.state = .{ .err = err };
if (self.buffer.items.len > 0) {
self.buffer_pool.release(self.buffer);
}
}
};
pub const BlockingResult = struct {
pub const AsyncModule = struct {
cb: Callback,
cb_data: *anyopaque,
manager: *ScriptManager,
buffer: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(u8) = .{},
pub const Callback = *const fn (ptr: *anyopaque, result: anyerror!GetResult) void;
fn startCallback(transfer: *Http.Transfer) !void {
log.debug(.http, "script fetch start", .{ .req = transfer, .async = true });
}
fn headerCallback(transfer: *Http.Transfer) !void {
const header = &transfer.response_header.?;
log.debug(.http, "script header", .{
.req = transfer,
.async = true,
.status = header.status,
.content_type = header.contentType(),
});
if (header.status != 200) {
return error.InvalidStatusCode;
}
var self: *AsyncModule = @ptrCast(@alignCast(transfer.ctx));
self.buffer = self.manager.buffer_pool.get();
}
fn dataCallback(transfer: *Http.Transfer, data: []const u8) !void {
// too verbose
// log.debug(.http, "script data chunk", .{
// .req = transfer,
// .blocking = true,
// });
var self: *AsyncModule = @ptrCast(@alignCast(transfer.ctx));
self.buffer.appendSlice(self.manager.allocator, data) catch |err| {
log.err(.http, "SM.dataCallback", .{
.err = err,
.len = data.len,
.ascyn = true,
.transfer = transfer,
});
return err;
};
}
fn doneCallback(ctx: *anyopaque) !void {
var self: *AsyncModule = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ctx));
defer self.manager.async_module_pool.destroy(self);
self.cb(self.cb_data, .{
.buffer = self.buffer,
.buffer_pool = &self.manager.buffer_pool,
});
}
fn errorCallback(ctx: *anyopaque, err: anyerror) void {
var self: *AsyncModule = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ctx));
if (err != error.Abort) {
self.cb(self.cb_data, err);
}
if (self.buffer.items.len > 0) {
self.manager.buffer_pool.release(self.buffer);
}
self.manager.async_module_pool.destroy(self);
}
};
pub const GetResult = struct {
buffer: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(u8),
buffer_pool: *BufferPool,
pub fn deinit(self: *BlockingResult) void {
pub fn deinit(self: *GetResult) void {
self.buffer_pool.release(self.buffer);
}
pub fn src(self: *const BlockingResult) []const u8 {
pub fn src(self: *const GetResult) []const u8 {
return self.buffer.items;
}
};

View File

@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ pub fn getRSS() i64 {
const data = writer.written();
const index = std.mem.indexOf(u8, data, "rss: ") orelse return -1;
const sep = std.mem.indexOfScalarPos(u8, data, index + 5, ' ') orelse return -2;
const value = std.fmt.parseFloat(f64, data[index+5..sep]) catch return -3;
const unit = data[sep+1..];
const value = std.fmt.parseFloat(f64, data[index + 5 .. sep]) catch return -3;
const unit = data[sep + 1 ..];
if (std.mem.startsWith(u8, unit, "KiB,")) {
return @as(i64, @intFromFloat(value)) * 1024;
}

View File

@@ -255,9 +255,14 @@ pub const Page = struct {
try Node.prepend(head, &[_]Node.NodeOrText{.{ .node = parser.elementToNode(base) }});
}
pub fn fetchModuleSource(ctx: *anyopaque, src: [:0]const u8) !ScriptManager.BlockingResult {
pub fn fetchModuleSource(ctx: *anyopaque, url: [:0]const u8) !ScriptManager.GetResult {
const self: *Page = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ctx));
return self.script_manager.blockingGet(src);
return self.script_manager.blockingGet(url);
}
pub fn fetchAsyncModuleSource(ctx: *anyopaque, url: [:0]const u8, cb: ScriptManager.AsyncModule.Callback, cb_data: *anyopaque) !void {
const self: *Page = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ctx));
return self.script_manager.getAsyncModule(url, cb, cb_data);
}
pub fn wait(self: *Page, wait_ms: i32) Session.WaitResult {

View File

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ const v8 = @import("v8");
const log = @import("../log.zig");
const SubType = @import("subtype.zig").SubType;
const ScriptManager = @import("../browser/ScriptManager.zig");
const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator;
const ArenaAllocator = std.heap.ArenaAllocator;
@@ -540,6 +541,7 @@ pub fn Env(comptime State: type, comptime WebApis: type) type {
.module_loader = .{
.ptr = safe_module_loader,
.func = ModuleLoader.fetchModuleSource,
.async = ModuleLoader.fetchAsyncModuleSource,
},
.global_callback = global_callback,
};
@@ -707,16 +709,26 @@ pub fn Env(comptime State: type, comptime WebApis: type) type {
const ModuleLoader = struct {
ptr: *anyopaque,
func: *const fn (ptr: *anyopaque, url: [:0]const u8) anyerror!BlockingResult,
// Don't like having to reach into ../browser/ here. But can't think
// of a good way to fix this.
const BlockingResult = @import("../browser/ScriptManager.zig").BlockingResult;
func: *const fn (ptr: *anyopaque, url: [:0]const u8) anyerror!ScriptManager.GetResult,
async: *const fn (ptr: *anyopaque, url: [:0]const u8, cb: ScriptManager.AsyncModule.Callback, cb_state: *anyopaque) anyerror!void,
};
const ModuleEntry = struct {
module: PersistentModule,
promise: PersistentPromise,
// Can be null if we're asynchrously loading the module, in
// which case resolver_promise cannot be null.
module: ?PersistentModule = null,
// The promise of the evaluting module. The resolved value is
// meaningless to us, but the resolver promise needs to chain
// to this, since we need to know when it's complete.
module_promise: ?PersistentPromise = null,
// The promise for the resolver which is loading the module.
// (AKA, the first time we try to load it). This resolver will
// chain to the module_promise and, when it's done evaluating
// will resolve its namespace. Any other attempt to load the
// module willchain to this.
resolver_promise: ?PersistentPromise = null,
};
// no init, started with executor.createJsContext()
@@ -751,8 +763,15 @@ pub fn Env(comptime State: type, comptime WebApis: type) type {
{
var it = self.module_cache.valueIterator();
while (it.next()) |entry| {
entry.module.deinit();
entry.promise.deinit();
if (entry.module) |*mod| {
mod.deinit();
}
if (entry.module_promise) |*p| {
p.deinit();
}
if (entry.resolver_promise) |*p| {
p.deinit();
}
}
}
@@ -813,13 +832,16 @@ pub fn Env(comptime State: type, comptime WebApis: type) type {
return self.createValue(value);
}
// compile and eval a JS module
// It returns null if the module is already compiled and in the cache.
// It returns a v8.Promise if the module must be evaluated.
pub fn module(self: *JsContext, src: []const u8, url: []const u8, cacheable: bool) !ModuleEntry {
pub fn module(self: *JsContext, comptime want_result: bool, src: []const u8, url: []const u8, cacheable: bool) !(if (want_result) ModuleEntry else void) {
if (cacheable) {
if (self.module_cache.get(url)) |entry| {
return entry;
// The dynamic import will creaet an entry withouth the
// module to prevent multiple calls from asynchronously
// loading the same module. If we're here, without the
// module, then it's time to load it.
if (entry.module != null) {
return if (comptime want_result) entry else {};
}
}
}
errdefer _ = self.module_cache.remove(url);
@@ -842,16 +864,44 @@ pub fn Env(comptime State: type, comptime WebApis: type) type {
// Must be a promise that gets returned here.
std.debug.assert(evaluated.isPromise());
const entry = ModuleEntry{
.module = PersistentModule.init(self.isolate, m),
.promise = PersistentPromise.init(self.isolate, .{.handle = evaluated.handle}),
};
if (cacheable) {
try self.module_cache.putNoClobber(arena, owned_url, entry);
try self.module_identifier.put(arena, m.getIdentityHash(), owned_url);
if (comptime !want_result) {
// avoid creating a bunch of persisted objects if it isn't
// cachachable and the caller doesn't care about results.
// This is pretty common, i.e. every <script type=module>
// within the html page.
if (!cacheable) {
return;
}
}
return entry;
// anyone who cares about the result, should also want it to
// be cached
std.debug.assert(cacheable);
const persisted_module = PersistentModule.init(self.isolate, m);
const persisted_promise = PersistentPromise.init(self.isolate, .{ .handle = evaluated.handle });
var gop = try self.module_cache.getOrPut(arena, owned_url);
if (gop.found_existing) {
// only way for us to have found an existing entry, is if
// we're asynchronously loading this module
std.debug.assert(gop.value_ptr.module == null);
std.debug.assert(gop.value_ptr.module_promise == null);
std.debug.assert(gop.value_ptr.resolver_promise != null);
// keep the resolver promise, it's doing the heavy lifting
// and any other async loads will be chained to it.
gop.value_ptr.module = persisted_module;
gop.value_ptr.module_promise = persisted_promise;
} else {
gop.value_ptr.* = ModuleEntry{
.module = persisted_module,
.module_promise = persisted_promise,
.resolver_promise = null,
};
}
try self.module_identifier.put(arena, m.getIdentityHash(), owned_url);
return if (comptime want_result) gop.value_ptr.* else {};
}
pub fn newArray(self: *JsContext, len: u32) JsObject {
@@ -1590,7 +1640,7 @@ pub fn Env(comptime State: type, comptime WebApis: type) type {
try_catch.init(self);
defer try_catch.deinit();
const entry = self.module(fetch_result.src(), normalized_specifier, true) catch |err| {
const entry = self.module(true, fetch_result.src(), normalized_specifier, true) catch |err| {
log.warn(.js, "compile resolved module", .{
.specifier = specifier,
.stack = try_catch.stack(self.call_arena) catch null,
@@ -1600,7 +1650,8 @@ pub fn Env(comptime State: type, comptime WebApis: type) type {
});
return null;
};
return entry.module.handle;
// entry.module is always set when returning from self.module()
return entry.module.?.handle;
}
pub fn dynamicModuleCallback(
@@ -1618,22 +1669,22 @@ pub fn Env(comptime State: type, comptime WebApis: type) type {
const isolate = self.isolate;
const resource = jsStringToZig(self.call_arena, .{ .handle = resource_name.? }, isolate) catch |err| {
log.err(.app, "OOM", .{.err = err, .src = "dynamicModuleCallback1"});
log.err(.app, "OOM", .{ .err = err, .src = "dynamicModuleCallback1" });
return @constCast(self.rejectPromise("Out of memory").handle);
};
const specifier = jsStringToZig(self.call_arena, .{ .handle = v8_specifier.? }, isolate) catch |err| {
log.err(.app, "OOM", .{.err = err, .src = "dynamicModuleCallback2"});
log.err(.app, "OOM", .{ .err = err, .src = "dynamicModuleCallback2" });
return @constCast(self.rejectPromise("Out of memory").handle);
};
const normalized_specifier = @import("../url.zig").stitch(
self.call_arena,
self.context_arena, // might need to survive until the module is loaded
specifier,
resource,
.{ .alloc = .if_needed, .null_terminated = true },
) catch |err| {
log.err(.app, "OOM", .{.err = err, .src = "dynamicModuleCallback3"});
log.err(.app, "OOM", .{ .err = err, .src = "dynamicModuleCallback3" });
return @constCast(self.rejectPromise("Out of memory").handle);
};
@@ -1646,74 +1697,165 @@ pub fn Env(comptime State: type, comptime WebApis: type) type {
return @constCast(promise.handle);
}
fn _dynamicModuleCallback(self: *JsContext, specifier: [:0]const u8) !v8.Promise {
const isolate = self.isolate;
const ctx = self.v8_context;
// Will get passed to ScriptManager and then passed back to us when
// the src of the module is loaded
const DynamicModuleResolveState = struct {
js_context: *JsContext,
specifier: [:0]const u8,
resolver: v8.PromiseResolver,
};
const entry = self.module_cache.get(specifier) orelse blk: {
fn _dynamicModuleCallback(self: *JsContext, specifier: [:0]const u8) !v8.Promise {
const gop = try self.module_cache.getOrPut(self.context_arena, specifier);
if (gop.found_existing and gop.value_ptr.resolver_promise != null) {
// This is easy, there's already something responsible
// for loading the module. Maybe it's still loading, maybe
// it's complete. Whatever, we can just return that promise.
return gop.value_ptr.resolver_promise.?.castToPromise();
}
const isolate = self.isolate;
const persistent_resolver = v8.Persistent(v8.PromiseResolver).init(isolate, v8.PromiseResolver.init(self.v8_context));
try self.persisted_promise_resolvers.append(self.context_arena, persistent_resolver);
var resolver = persistent_resolver.castToPromiseResolver();
const state = try self.context_arena.create(DynamicModuleResolveState);
state.* = .{
.js_context = self,
.resolver = resolver,
.specifier = specifier,
};
const promise = resolver.getPromise();
if (!gop.found_existing) {
// this module hasn't been seen before. This is the most
// complicated path.
// First, we'll setup a bare entry into our cache. This will
// prevent anyone one else from trying to asychronously load
// it. Instead, they can just return our promise.
gop.value_ptr.* = ModuleEntry{
.module = null,
.module_promise = null,
.resolver_promise = PersistentPromise.init(self.isolate, .{ .handle = promise.handle }),
};
// Next, we need to actually load it.
const module_loader = self.module_loader;
var fetch_result = try module_loader.func(module_loader.ptr, specifier);
module_loader.async(module_loader.ptr, specifier, dynamicModuleSourceCallback, state) catch |err| {
const error_msg = v8.String.initUtf8(isolate, @errorName(err));
_ = resolver.reject(self.v8_context, error_msg.toValue());
};
// For now, we're done. but this will be continued in
// `dynamicModuleSourceCallback`, once the source for the
// moduel is loaded.
return promise;
}
// So we have a module, but no async resolver. This can only
// happen if the module was first synchronously loaded (Does that
// ever even happen?!) You'd think we cann just return the module
// but no, we need to resolve the module namespace, and the
// module could still be loading!
// We need to do part of what the first case is going to do in
// `dynamicModuleSourceCallback`, but we can skip some steps
// since the module is alrady loaded,
// like before, we want to set this up so that if anything else
// tries to load this module, it can just return our promise
// since we're going to be doing all the work.
gop.value_ptr.resolver_promise = PersistentPromise.init(self.isolate, .{ .handle = promise.handle });
// But we can skip direclty to `resolveDynamicModule` which is
// what the above callback will eventually do.
self.resolveDynamicModule(state, gop.value_ptr.*);
return promise;
}
fn dynamicModuleSourceCallback(ctx: *anyopaque, fetch_result_: anyerror!ScriptManager.GetResult) void {
const state: *DynamicModuleResolveState = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ctx));
var self = state.js_context;
var fetch_result = fetch_result_ catch |err| {
const error_msg = v8.String.initUtf8(self.isolate, @errorName(err));
_ = state.resolver.reject(self.v8_context, error_msg.toValue());
return;
};
const module_entry = blk: {
defer fetch_result.deinit();
var try_catch: TryCatch = undefined;
try_catch.init(self);
defer try_catch.deinit();
break :blk self.module(fetch_result.src(), specifier, true) catch {
break :blk self.module(true, fetch_result.src(), state.specifier, true) catch {
const ex = try_catch.exception(self.call_arena) catch |err| @errorName(err) orelse "unknown error";
log.err(.js, "module compilation failed", .{
.specifier = specifier,
.specifier = state.specifier,
.exception = ex,
.stack = try_catch.stack(self.call_arena) catch null,
.line = try_catch.sourceLineNumber() orelse 0,
});
return self.rejectPromise(ex);
const error_msg = v8.String.initUtf8(self.isolate, ex);
_ = state.resolver.reject(self.v8_context, error_msg.toValue());
return;
};
};
const EvaluationData = struct {
module: v8.Module,
resolver: v8.PromiseResolver,
};
const resolver = v8.Persistent(v8.PromiseResolver).init(isolate, v8.PromiseResolver.init(self.v8_context));
try self.persisted_promise_resolvers.append(self.context_arena, resolver);
self.resolveDynamicModule(state, module_entry);
}
const ev_data = try self.context_arena.create(EvaluationData);
ev_data.* = .{
.module = entry.module.castToModule(),
.resolver = resolver.castToPromiseResolver(),
};
const external = v8.External.init(isolate, @ptrCast(ev_data));
fn resolveDynamicModule(self: *JsContext, state: *DynamicModuleResolveState, module_entry: ModuleEntry) void {
const ctx = self.v8_context;
const external = v8.External.init(self.isolate, @ptrCast(state));
// we can only be here if the module has been evaluated and if
// we have a resolve loading this asynchronously.
std.debug.assert(module_entry.module != null);
std.debug.assert(module_entry.module_promise != null);
std.debug.assert(module_entry.resolver_promise != null);
// We've gotten the source for the module and are evaluating it.
// You might thing we're done, but the module evaluation is
// itself asynchronous. We need to chain to the module's own
// promise. When the module is evalutated, it resolves to the
// last value of the module. But, for module loading, we need to
// resolve to the module's namespace.
const then_callback = v8.Function.initWithData(ctx, struct {
pub fn callback(raw_info: ?*const v8.c.FunctionCallbackInfo) callconv(.c) void {
const info = v8.FunctionCallbackInfo.initFromV8(raw_info);
const iso = info.getIsolate();
const isolate = info.getIsolate();
const data: *EvaluationData = @ptrCast(@alignCast(info.getExternalValue()));
_ = data.resolver.resolve(iso.getCurrentContext(), data.module.getModuleNamespace());
const s: *DynamicModuleResolveState = @ptrCast(@alignCast(info.getExternalValue()));
const js_context = s.js_context;
const me = js_context.module_cache.getPtr(s.specifier).?;
const namespace = me.module.?.castToModule().getModuleNamespace();
_ = s.resolver.resolve(isolate.getCurrentContext(), namespace);
}
}.callback, external);
const catch_callback = v8.Function.initWithData(ctx, struct {
pub fn callback(raw_info: ?*const v8.c.FunctionCallbackInfo) callconv(.c) void {
const info = v8.FunctionCallbackInfo.initFromV8(raw_info);
const iso = info.getIsolate();
const data: *EvaluationData = @ptrCast(@alignCast(info.getExternalValue()));
_ = data.resolver.reject(iso.getCurrentContext(), info.getData());
const isolate = info.getIsolate();
const data: *DynamicModuleResolveState = @ptrCast(@alignCast(info.getExternalValue()));
_ = data.resolver.reject(isolate.getCurrentContext(), info.getData());
}
}.callback, external);
_ = entry.promise.castToPromise().thenAndCatch(ctx, then_callback, catch_callback) catch |err| {
_ = module_entry.module_promise.?.castToPromise().thenAndCatch(ctx, then_callback, catch_callback) catch |err| {
log.err(.js, "module evaluation is promise", .{
.err = err,
.specifier = specifier,
.specifier = state.specifier,
});
return self.rejectPromise("Failed to evaluate promise");
const error_msg = v8.String.initUtf8(self.isolate, "Failed to evaluate promise");
_ = state.resolver.reject(ctx, error_msg.toValue());
};
return ev_data.resolver.getPromise();
}
// Reverses the mapZigInstanceToJs, making sure that our TaggedAnyOpaque
@@ -3997,11 +4139,11 @@ const NoopInspector = struct {
};
const ErrorModuleLoader = struct {
// Don't like having to reach into ../browser/ here. But can't think
// of a good way to fix this.
const BlockingResult = @import("../browser/ScriptManager.zig").BlockingResult;
pub fn fetchModuleSource(_: *anyopaque, _: [:0]const u8) !ScriptManager.GetResult {
return error.NoModuleLoadConfigured;
}
pub fn fetchModuleSource(_: *anyopaque, _: [:0]const u8) !BlockingResult {
pub fn fetchAsyncModuleSource(_: *anyopaque, _: [:0]const u8, _: ScriptManager.AsyncModule.Callback, _: *anyopaque) !void {
return error.NoModuleLoadConfigured;
}
};

View File

@@ -5,15 +5,28 @@
<script id=dynamic_import type=module>
const promise1 = new Promise((resolve) => {
Promise.all([
import('./import.js'),
import('./import.js'),
import('./import.js'),
import('./import.js'),
import('./import.js'),
import('./import.js'),
import('./import2.js'),
import('./import.js'),
import('./import.js'),
]).then(resolve);
});
testing.async(promise1, (res) => {
testing.expectEqual(9, res.length);
testing.expectEqual('hello', res[0].greeting);
testing.expectEqual('hello', res[1].greeting);
testing.expectEqual('world', res[2].greeting);
})
testing.expectEqual('hello', res[2].greeting);
testing.expectEqual('hello', res[3].greeting);
testing.expectEqual('hello', res[4].greeting);
testing.expectEqual('hello', res[5].greeting);
testing.expectEqual('world', res[6].greeting);
testing.expectEqual('hello', res[7].greeting);
testing.expectEqual('hello', res[8].greeting);
});
</script>