Merge branch 'main' into mcp-new-action-tools

- Extract dispatchInputAndChangeEvents() in actions.zig, used by fill,
  selectOption, and setChecked
- Extract resolveNodeAndPage() in tools.zig, used by click, fill, hover,
  selectOption, setChecked, and nodeDetails handlers

build.zig.zon

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
     .minimum_zig_version = "0.15.2",
     .dependencies = .{
         .v8 = .{
-            .url = "https://github.com/lightpanda-io/zig-v8-fork/archive/715ccbae21d7528eba951f78af4dfd48835fc172.tar.gz",
+            .url = "https://github.com/lightpanda-io/zig-v8-fork/archive/refs/tags/v0.3.7.tar.gz",
-            .hash = "v8-0.0.0-xddH65-HBADXFCII9ucZE3NgbkWmwsbTbsx8qevYVki5",
+            .hash = "v8-0.0.0-xddH67uBBAD95hWsPQz3Ni1PlZjdywtPXrGUAp8rSKco",
         },
         // .v8 = .{ .path = "../zig-v8-fork" },
         .brotli = .{

src/browser/actions.zig

@@ -22,10 +22,23 @@ const DOMNode = @import("webapi/Node.zig");
 const Element = @import("webapi/Element.zig");
 const Event = @import("webapi/Event.zig");
 const MouseEvent = @import("webapi/event/MouseEvent.zig");
+const KeyboardEvent = @import("webapi/event/KeyboardEvent.zig");
 const Page = @import("Page.zig");
 const Session = @import("Session.zig");
 const Selector = @import("webapi/selector/Selector.zig");
 
+fn dispatchInputAndChangeEvents(el: *Element, page: *Page) !void {
+    const input_evt: *Event = try .initTrusted(comptime .wrap("input"), .{ .bubbles = true }, page);
+    page._event_manager.dispatch(el.asEventTarget(), input_evt) catch |err| {
+        lp.log.err(.app, "dispatch input event failed", .{ .err = err });
+    };
+
+    const change_evt: *Event = try .initTrusted(comptime .wrap("change"), .{ .bubbles = true }, page);
+    page._event_manager.dispatch(el.asEventTarget(), change_evt) catch |err| {
+        lp.log.err(.app, "dispatch change event failed", .{ .err = err });
+    };
+}
+
 pub fn click(node: *DOMNode, page: *Page) !void {
     const el = node.is(Element) orelse return error.InvalidNodeType;
 
@@ -43,9 +56,107 @@ pub fn click(node: *DOMNode, page: *Page) !void {
     };
 }
 
+pub fn hover(node: *DOMNode, page: *Page) !void {
+    const el = node.is(Element) orelse return error.InvalidNodeType;
+
+    const mouseover_event: *MouseEvent = try .initTrusted(comptime .wrap("mouseover"), .{
+        .bubbles = true,
+        .cancelable = true,
+        .composed = true,
+    }, page);
+
+    page._event_manager.dispatch(el.asEventTarget(), mouseover_event.asEvent()) catch |err| {
+        lp.log.err(.app, "hover mouseover failed", .{ .err = err });
+        return error.ActionFailed;
+    };
+
+    const mouseenter_event: *MouseEvent = try .initTrusted(comptime .wrap("mouseenter"), .{
+        .composed = true,
+    }, page);
+
+    page._event_manager.dispatch(el.asEventTarget(), mouseenter_event.asEvent()) catch |err| {
+        lp.log.err(.app, "hover mouseenter failed", .{ .err = err });
+        return error.ActionFailed;
+    };
+}
+
+pub fn press(node: ?*DOMNode, key: []const u8, page: *Page) !void {
+    const target = if (node) |n|
+        (n.is(Element) orelse return error.InvalidNodeType).asEventTarget()
+    else
+        page.document.asNode().asEventTarget();
+
+    const keydown_event: *KeyboardEvent = try .initTrusted(comptime .wrap("keydown"), .{
+        .bubbles = true,
+        .cancelable = true,
+        .composed = true,
+        .key = key,
+    }, page);
+
+    page._event_manager.dispatch(target, keydown_event.asEvent()) catch |err| {
+        lp.log.err(.app, "press keydown failed", .{ .err = err });
+        return error.ActionFailed;
+    };
+
+    const keyup_event: *KeyboardEvent = try .initTrusted(comptime .wrap("keyup"), .{
+        .bubbles = true,
+        .cancelable = true,
+        .composed = true,
+        .key = key,
+    }, page);
+
+    page._event_manager.dispatch(target, keyup_event.asEvent()) catch |err| {
+        lp.log.err(.app, "press keyup failed", .{ .err = err });
+        return error.ActionFailed;
+    };
+}
+
+pub fn selectOption(node: *DOMNode, value: []const u8, page: *Page) !void {
+    const el = node.is(Element) orelse return error.InvalidNodeType;
+    const select = el.is(Element.Html.Select) orelse return error.InvalidNodeType;
+
+    select.setValue(value, page) catch |err| {
+        lp.log.err(.app, "select setValue failed", .{ .err = err });
+        return error.ActionFailed;
+    };
+
+    try dispatchInputAndChangeEvents(el, page);
+}
+
+pub fn setChecked(node: *DOMNode, checked: bool, page: *Page) !void {
+    const el = node.is(Element) orelse return error.InvalidNodeType;
+    const input = el.is(Element.Html.Input) orelse return error.InvalidNodeType;
+
+    if (input._input_type != .checkbox and input._input_type != .radio) {
+        return error.InvalidNodeType;
+    }
+
+    input.setChecked(checked, page) catch |err| {
+        lp.log.err(.app, "setChecked failed", .{ .err = err });
+        return error.ActionFailed;
+    };
+
+    // Match browser event order: click fires first, then input and change.
+    const click_event: *MouseEvent = try .initTrusted(comptime .wrap("click"), .{
+        .bubbles = true,
+        .cancelable = true,
+        .composed = true,
+    }, page);
+
+    page._event_manager.dispatch(el.asEventTarget(), click_event.asEvent()) catch |err| {
+        lp.log.err(.app, "dispatch click event failed", .{ .err = err });
+    };
+
+    try dispatchInputAndChangeEvents(el, page);
+}
+
 pub fn fill(node: *DOMNode, text: []const u8, page: *Page) !void {
     const el = node.is(Element) orelse return error.InvalidNodeType;
 
+    el.focus(page) catch |err| {
+        lp.log.err(.app, "fill focus failed", .{ .err = err });
+    };
+
     if (el.is(Element.Html.Input)) |input| {
         input.setValue(text, page) catch |err| {
             lp.log.err(.app, "fill input failed", .{ .err = err });
@@ -65,15 +176,7 @@ pub fn fill(node: *DOMNode, text: []const u8, page: *Page) !void {
         return error.InvalidNodeType;
     }
 
-    const input_evt: *Event = try .initTrusted(comptime .wrap("input"), .{ .bubbles = true }, page);
+    try dispatchInputAndChangeEvents(el, page);
-    page._event_manager.dispatch(el.asEventTarget(), input_evt) catch |err| {
-        lp.log.err(.app, "dispatch input event failed", .{ .err = err });
-    };
-
-    const change_evt: *Event = try .initTrusted(comptime .wrap("change"), .{ .bubbles = true }, page);
-    page._event_manager.dispatch(el.asEventTarget(), change_evt) catch |err| {
-        lp.log.err(.app, "dispatch change event failed", .{ .err = err });
-    };
 }
 
 pub fn scroll(node: ?*DOMNode, x: ?i32, y: ?i32, page: *Page) !void {

src/browser/js/Caller.zig

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ const log = @import("../../log.zig");
 const string = @import("../../string.zig");
 
 const Page = @import("../Page.zig");
-const WorkerGlobalScope = @import("../webapi/WorkerGlobalScope.zig");
 
 const js = @import("js.zig");
 const Local = @import("Local.zig");
@@ -55,9 +54,9 @@ fn initWithContext(self: *Caller, ctx: *Context, v8_context: *const v8.Context)
             .isolate = ctx.isolate,
         },
         .prev_local = ctx.local,
-        .prev_context = ctx.global.getJs(),
+        .prev_context = ctx.page.js,
     };
-    ctx.global.setJs(ctx);
+    ctx.page.js = ctx;
     ctx.local = &self.local;
 }
 
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ pub fn deinit(self: *Caller) void {
 
     ctx.call_depth = call_depth;
     ctx.local = self.prev_local;
-    ctx.global.setJs(self.prev_context);
+    ctx.page.js = self.prev_context;
 }
 
 pub const CallOpts = struct {
@@ -170,7 +169,7 @@ fn _getIndex(comptime T: type, local: *const Local, func: anytype, idx: u32, inf
     @field(args, "0") = try TaggedOpaque.fromJS(*T, info.getThis());
     @field(args, "1") = idx;
     if (@typeInfo(F).@"fn".params.len == 3) {
-        @field(args, "2") = getGlobalArg(@TypeOf(args.@"2"), local.ctx);
+        @field(args, "2") = local.ctx.page;
     }
     const ret = @call(.auto, func, args);
     return handleIndexedReturn(T, F, true, local, ret, info, opts);
@@ -197,7 +196,7 @@ fn _getNamedIndex(comptime T: type, local: *const Local, func: anytype, name: *c
     @field(args, "0") = try TaggedOpaque.fromJS(*T, info.getThis());
     @field(args, "1") = try nameToString(local, @TypeOf(args.@"1"), name);
     if (@typeInfo(F).@"fn".params.len == 3) {
-        @field(args, "2") = getGlobalArg(@TypeOf(args.@"2"), local.ctx);
+        @field(args, "2") = local.ctx.page;
     }
     const ret = @call(.auto, func, args);
     return handleIndexedReturn(T, F, true, local, ret, info, opts);
@@ -225,7 +224,7 @@ fn _setNamedIndex(comptime T: type, local: *const Local, func: anytype, name: *c
     @field(args, "1") = try nameToString(local, @TypeOf(args.@"1"), name);
     @field(args, "2") = try local.jsValueToZig(@TypeOf(@field(args, "2")), js_value);
     if (@typeInfo(F).@"fn".params.len == 4) {
-        @field(args, "3") = getGlobalArg(@TypeOf(args.@"3"), local.ctx);
+        @field(args, "3") = local.ctx.page;
     }
     const ret = @call(.auto, func, args);
     return handleIndexedReturn(T, F, false, local, ret, info, opts);
@@ -251,7 +250,7 @@ fn _deleteNamedIndex(comptime T: type, local: *const Local, func: anytype, name:
     @field(args, "0") = try TaggedOpaque.fromJS(*T, info.getThis());
     @field(args, "1") = try nameToString(local, @TypeOf(args.@"1"), name);
     if (@typeInfo(F).@"fn".params.len == 3) {
-        @field(args, "2") = getGlobalArg(@TypeOf(args.@"2"), local.ctx);
+        @field(args, "2") = local.ctx.page;
     }
     const ret = @call(.auto, func, args);
     return handleIndexedReturn(T, F, false, local, ret, info, opts);
@@ -277,7 +276,7 @@ fn _getEnumerator(comptime T: type, local: *const Local, func: anytype, info: Pr
     var args: ParameterTypes(F) = undefined;
     @field(args, "0") = try TaggedOpaque.fromJS(*T, info.getThis());
     if (@typeInfo(F).@"fn".params.len == 2) {
-        @field(args, "1") = getGlobalArg(@TypeOf(args.@"1"), local.ctx);
+        @field(args, "1") = local.ctx.page;
     }
     const ret = @call(.auto, func, args);
     return handleIndexedReturn(T, F, true, local, ret, info, opts);
@@ -435,25 +434,6 @@ fn isPage(comptime T: type) bool {
     return T == *Page or T == *const Page;
 }
 
-fn isExecution(comptime T: type) bool {
-    return T == *js.Execution or T == *const js.Execution;
-}
-
-fn getGlobalArg(comptime T: type, ctx: *Context) T {
-    if (comptime isPage(T)) {
-        return switch (ctx.global) {
-            .page => |page| page,
-            .worker => unreachable,
-        };
-    }
-
-    if (comptime isExecution(T)) {
-        return &ctx.execution;
-    }
-
-    @compileError("Unsupported global arg type: " ++ @typeName(T));
-}
-
 // These wrap the raw v8 C API to provide a cleaner interface.
 pub const FunctionCallbackInfo = struct {
     handle: *const v8.FunctionCallbackInfo,
@@ -722,16 +702,15 @@ fn getArgs(comptime F: type, comptime offset: usize, local: *const Local, info:
             return args;
         }
 
-        // If the last parameter is the Page or Worker, set it, and exclude it
+        // If the last parameter is the Page, set it, and exclude it
         // from our params slice, because we don't want to bind it to
         // a JS argument
-        const LastParamType = params[params.len - 1].type.?;
+        if (comptime isPage(params[params.len - 1].type.?)) {
-        if (comptime isPage(LastParamType) or isExecution(LastParamType)) {
+            @field(args, tupleFieldName(params.len - 1 + offset)) = local.ctx.page;
-            @field(args, tupleFieldName(params.len - 1 + offset)) = getGlobalArg(LastParamType, local.ctx);
             break :blk params[0 .. params.len - 1];
         }
 
-        // we have neither a Page, Execution, nor a JsObject. All params must be
+        // we have neither a Page nor a JsObject. All params must be
         // bound to a JavaScript value.
         break :blk params;
     };
@@ -780,9 +759,7 @@ fn getArgs(comptime F: type, comptime offset: usize, local: *const Local, info:
         }
 
         if (comptime isPage(param.type.?)) {
-            @compileError("Page must be the last parameter: " ++ @typeName(F));
+            @compileError("Page must be the last parameter (or 2nd last if there's a JsThis): " ++ @typeName(F));
-        } else if (comptime isExecution(param.type.?)) {
-            @compileError("Execution must be the last parameter: " ++ @typeName(F));
         } else if (i >= js_parameter_count) {
             if (@typeInfo(param.type.?) != .optional) {
                 return error.InvalidArgument;

src/browser/js/Context.zig

@@ -25,12 +25,10 @@ const bridge = @import("bridge.zig");
 const Env = @import("Env.zig");
 const Origin = @import("Origin.zig");
 const Scheduler = @import("Scheduler.zig");
-const Execution = @import("Execution.zig");
 
 const Page = @import("../Page.zig");
 const Session = @import("../Session.zig");
 const ScriptManager = @import("../ScriptManager.zig");
-const WorkerGlobalScope = @import("../webapi/WorkerGlobalScope.zig");
 
 const v8 = js.v8;
 const Caller = js.Caller;
@@ -39,38 +37,12 @@ const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator;
 
 const IS_DEBUG = @import("builtin").mode == .Debug;
 
-// Loosely maps to a Browser Page or Worker.
+// Loosely maps to a Browser Page.
 const Context = @This();
 
-pub const GlobalScope = union(enum) {
-    page: *Page,
-    worker: *WorkerGlobalScope,
-
-    pub fn base(self: GlobalScope) [:0]const u8 {
-        return switch (self) {
-            .page => |page| page.base(),
-            .worker => |worker| worker.base(),
-        };
-    }
-
-    pub fn getJs(self: GlobalScope) *Context {
-        return switch (self) {
-            .page => |page| page.js,
-            .worker => |worker| worker.js,
-        };
-    }
-
-    pub fn setJs(self: GlobalScope, ctx: *Context) void {
-        switch (self) {
-            .page => |page| page.js = ctx,
-            .worker => |worker| worker.js = ctx,
-        }
-    }
-};
-
 id: usize,
 env: *Env,
-global: GlobalScope,
+page: *Page,
 session: *Session,
 isolate: js.Isolate,
 
@@ -139,10 +111,6 @@ script_manager: ?*ScriptManager,
 // Our macrotasks
 scheduler: Scheduler,
 
-// Execution context for worker-compatible APIs. This provides a common
-// interface that works in both Page and Worker contexts.
-execution: Execution,
-
 unknown_properties: (if (IS_DEBUG) std.StringHashMapUnmanaged(UnknownPropertyStat) else void) = if (IS_DEBUG) .{} else {},
 
 const ModuleEntry = struct {
@@ -289,16 +257,7 @@ pub fn toLocal(self: *Context, global: anytype) js.Local.ToLocalReturnType(@Type
 }
 
 pub fn getIncumbent(self: *Context) *Page {
-    const ctx = fromC(v8.v8__Isolate__GetIncumbentContext(self.env.isolate.handle).?).?;
+    return fromC(v8.v8__Isolate__GetIncumbentContext(self.env.isolate.handle).?).?.page;
-    return switch (ctx.global) {
-        .page => |page| page,
-        .worker => {
-            if (comptime IS_DEBUG) {
-                std.debug.assert(false);
-            }
-            unreachable;
-        },
-    };
 }
 
 pub fn stringToPersistedFunction(
@@ -568,7 +527,7 @@ pub fn dynamicModuleCallback(
         if (resource_value.isNullOrUndefined()) {
             // will only be null / undefined in extreme cases (e.g. WPT tests)
             // where you're
-            break :blk self.global.base();
+            break :blk self.page.base();
         }
 
         break :blk js.String.toSliceZ(.{ .local = &local, .handle = resource_name.? }) catch |err| {
@@ -908,16 +867,17 @@ pub fn enter(self: *Context, hs: *js.HandleScope) Entered {
     const isolate = self.isolate;
     js.HandleScope.init(hs, isolate);
 
-    const original = self.global.getJs();
+    const page = self.page;
-    self.global.setJs(self);
+    const original = page.js;
+    page.js = self;
 
     const handle: *const v8.Context = @ptrCast(v8.v8__Global__Get(&self.handle, isolate.handle));
     v8.v8__Context__Enter(handle);
-    return .{ .original = original, .handle = handle, .handle_scope = hs, .global = self.global };
+    return .{ .original = original, .handle = handle, .handle_scope = hs };
 }
 
 const Entered = struct {
-    // the context we should restore on the page/worker
+    // the context we should restore on the page
     original: *Context,
 
     // the handle of the entered context
@@ -925,10 +885,8 @@ const Entered = struct {
 
     handle_scope: *js.HandleScope,
 
-    global: GlobalScope,
-
     pub fn exit(self: Entered) void {
-        self.global.setJs(self.original);
+        self.original.page.js = self.original;
         v8.v8__Context__Exit(self.handle);
         self.handle_scope.deinit();
     }
@@ -937,10 +895,7 @@ const Entered = struct {
 pub fn queueMutationDelivery(self: *Context) !void {
     self.enqueueMicrotask(struct {
         fn run(ctx: *Context) void {
-            switch (ctx.global) {
+            ctx.page.deliverMutations();
-                .page => |page| page.deliverMutations(),
-                .worker => unreachable,
-            }
         }
     }.run);
 }
@@ -948,10 +903,7 @@ pub fn queueMutationDelivery(self: *Context) !void {
 pub fn queueIntersectionChecks(self: *Context) !void {
     self.enqueueMicrotask(struct {
         fn run(ctx: *Context) void {
-            switch (ctx.global) {
+            ctx.page.performScheduledIntersectionChecks();
-                .page => |page| page.performScheduledIntersectionChecks(),
-                .worker => unreachable,
-            }
         }
     }.run);
 }
@@ -959,10 +911,7 @@ pub fn queueIntersectionChecks(self: *Context) !void {
 pub fn queueIntersectionDelivery(self: *Context) !void {
     self.enqueueMicrotask(struct {
         fn run(ctx: *Context) void {
-            switch (ctx.global) {
+            ctx.page.deliverIntersections();
-                .page => |page| page.deliverIntersections(),
-                .worker => unreachable,
-            }
         }
     }.run);
 }
@@ -970,10 +919,7 @@ pub fn queueIntersectionDelivery(self: *Context) !void {
 pub fn queueSlotchangeDelivery(self: *Context) !void {
     self.enqueueMicrotask(struct {
         fn run(ctx: *Context) void {
-            switch (ctx.global) {
+            ctx.page.deliverSlotchangeEvents();
-                .page => |page| page.deliverSlotchangeEvents(),
-                .worker => unreachable,
-            }
         }
     }.run);
 }

src/browser/js/Env.zig

@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ const Inspector = @import("Inspector.zig");
 
 const Page = @import("../Page.zig");
 const Window = @import("../webapi/Window.zig");
-const WorkerGlobalScope = @import("../webapi/WorkerGlobalScope.zig");
 
 const JsApis = bridge.JsApis;
 const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator;
@@ -84,6 +83,9 @@ eternal_function_templates: []v8.Eternal,
 // Dynamic slice to avoid circular dependency on JsApis.len at comptime
 templates: []*const v8.FunctionTemplate,
 
+// Global template created once per isolate and reused across all contexts
+global_template: v8.Eternal,
+
 // Inspector associated with the Isolate. Exists when CDP is being used.
 inspector: ?*Inspector,
 
@@ -144,6 +146,7 @@ pub fn init(app: *App, opts: InitOpts) !Env {
     const templates = try allocator.alloc(*const v8.FunctionTemplate, JsApis.len);
     errdefer allocator.free(templates);
 
+    var global_eternal: v8.Eternal = undefined;
     var private_symbols: PrivateSymbols = undefined;
     {
         var temp_scope: js.HandleScope = undefined;
@@ -161,6 +164,44 @@ pub fn init(app: *App, opts: InitOpts) !Env {
             templates[i] = @ptrCast(@alignCast(eternal_ptr.?));
         }
 
+        // Create global template once per isolate
+        const js_global = v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__New__DEFAULT(isolate_handle);
+        const window_name = v8.v8__String__NewFromUtf8(isolate_handle, "Window", v8.kNormal, 6);
+        v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__SetClassName(js_global, window_name);
+
+        // Find Window in JsApis by name (avoids circular import)
+        const window_index = comptime bridge.JsApiLookup.getId(Window.JsApi);
+        v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__Inherit(js_global, templates[window_index]);
+
+        const global_template_local = v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__InstanceTemplate(js_global).?;
+        v8.v8__ObjectTemplate__SetNamedHandler(global_template_local, &.{
+            .getter = bridge.unknownWindowPropertyCallback,
+            .setter = null,
+            .query = null,
+            .deleter = null,
+            .enumerator = null,
+            .definer = null,
+            .descriptor = null,
+            .data = null,
+            .flags = v8.kOnlyInterceptStrings | v8.kNonMasking,
+        });
+        // I don't 100% understand this. We actually set this up in the snapshot,
+        // but for the global instance, it doesn't work. SetIndexedHandler and
+        // SetNamedHandler are set on the Instance template, and that's the key
+        // difference. The context has its own global instance, so we need to set
+        // these back up directly on it. There might be a better way to do this.
+        v8.v8__ObjectTemplate__SetIndexedHandler(global_template_local, &.{
+            .getter = Window.JsApi.index.getter,
+            .setter = null,
+            .query = null,
+            .deleter = null,
+            .enumerator = null,
+            .definer = null,
+            .descriptor = null,
+            .data = null,
+            .flags = 0,
+        });
+        v8.v8__Eternal__New(isolate_handle, @ptrCast(global_template_local), &global_eternal);
         private_symbols = PrivateSymbols.init(isolate_handle);
     }
 
@@ -180,6 +221,7 @@ pub fn init(app: *App, opts: InitOpts) !Env {
         .templates = templates,
         .isolate_params = params,
         .inspector = inspector,
+        .global_template = global_eternal,
         .private_symbols = private_symbols,
         .microtask_queues_are_running = false,
         .eternal_function_templates = eternal_function_templates,
@@ -219,17 +261,6 @@ pub const ContextParams = struct {
 };
 
 pub fn createContext(self: *Env, page: *Page, params: ContextParams) !*Context {
-    return self._createContext(page, params);
-}
-
-pub fn createWorkerContext(self: *Env, worker: *WorkerGlobalScope, params: ContextParams) !*Context {
-    return self._createContext(worker, params);
-}
-
-fn _createContext(self: *Env, global: anytype, params: ContextParams) !*Context {
-    const T = @TypeOf(global);
-    const is_page = T == *Page;
-
     const context_arena = try self.app.arena_pool.acquire(.{ .debug = params.debug_name });
     errdefer self.app.arena_pool.release(context_arena);
 
@@ -242,10 +273,12 @@ fn _createContext(self: *Env, global: anytype, params: ContextParams) !*Context
     const microtask_queue = v8.v8__MicrotaskQueue__New(isolate.handle, v8.kExplicit).?;
     errdefer v8.v8__MicrotaskQueue__DELETE(microtask_queue);
 
-    // Restore the context from the snapshot (0 = Page, 1 = Worker)
+    // Get the global template that was created once per isolate
-    const snapshot_index: u32 = if (comptime is_page) 0 else 1;
+    const global_template: *const v8.ObjectTemplate = @ptrCast(@alignCast(v8.v8__Eternal__Get(&self.global_template, isolate.handle).?));
-    const v8_context = v8.v8__Context__FromSnapshot__Config(isolate.handle, snapshot_index, &.{
+    v8.v8__ObjectTemplate__SetInternalFieldCount(global_template, comptime Snapshot.countInternalFields(Window.JsApi));
-        .global_template = null,
+
+    const v8_context = v8.v8__Context__New__Config(isolate.handle, &.{
+        .global_template = global_template,
         .global_object = null,
         .microtask_queue = microtask_queue,
     }).?;
@@ -254,36 +287,36 @@ fn _createContext(self: *Env, global: anytype, params: ContextParams) !*Context
     var context_global: v8.Global = undefined;
     v8.v8__Global__New(isolate.handle, v8_context, &context_global);
 
-    // Get the global object for the context
+    // get the global object for the context, this maps to our Window
     const global_obj = v8.v8__Context__Global(v8_context).?;
 
-    // Store our TAO inside the internal field of the global object. This
+    {
-    // maps the v8::Object -> Zig instance.
+        // Store our TAO inside the internal field of the global object. This
-    const tao = try params.identity_arena.create(@import("TaggedOpaque.zig"));
+        // maps the v8::Object -> Zig instance. Almost all objects have this, and
-    tao.* = if (comptime is_page) .{
+        // it gets setup automatically as objects are created, but the Window
-        .value = @ptrCast(global.window),
+        // object already exists in v8 (it's the global) so we manually create
-        .prototype_chain = (&Window.JsApi.Meta.prototype_chain).ptr,
+        // the mapping here.
-        .prototype_len = @intCast(Window.JsApi.Meta.prototype_chain.len),
+        const tao = try params.identity_arena.create(@import("TaggedOpaque.zig"));
-        .subtype = .node,
+        tao.* = .{
-    } else .{
+            .value = @ptrCast(page.window),
-        .value = @ptrCast(global),
+            .prototype_chain = (&Window.JsApi.Meta.prototype_chain).ptr,
-        .prototype_chain = (&WorkerGlobalScope.JsApi.Meta.prototype_chain).ptr,
+            .prototype_len = @intCast(Window.JsApi.Meta.prototype_chain.len),
-        .prototype_len = @intCast(WorkerGlobalScope.JsApi.Meta.prototype_chain.len),
+            .subtype = .node, // this probably isn't right, but it's what we've been doing all along
-        .subtype = null,
+        };
-    };
+        v8.v8__Object__SetAlignedPointerInInternalField(global_obj, 0, tao);
-    v8.v8__Object__SetAlignedPointerInInternalField(global_obj, 0, tao);
+    }
 
     const context_id = self.context_id;
     self.context_id = context_id + 1;
 
-    const session = global._session;
+    const session = page._session;
     const origin = try session.getOrCreateOrigin(null);
     errdefer session.releaseOrigin(origin);
 
     const context = try context_arena.create(Context);
     context.* = .{
         .env = self,
-        .global = if (comptime is_page) .{ .page = global } else .{ .worker = global },
+        .page = page,
         .origin = origin,
         .id = context_id,
         .session = session,
@@ -293,31 +326,22 @@ fn _createContext(self: *Env, global: anytype, params: ContextParams) !*Context
         .templates = self.templates,
         .call_arena = params.call_arena,
         .microtask_queue = microtask_queue,
-        .script_manager = if (comptime is_page) &global._script_manager else null,
+        .script_manager = &page._script_manager,
         .scheduler = .init(context_arena),
         .identity = params.identity,
         .identity_arena = params.identity_arena,
-        .execution = undefined,
     };
 
-    context.execution = .{
+    {
-        .url = &global.url,
+        // Multiple contexts can be created for the same Window (via CDP). We only
-        .buf = &global.buf,
+        // need to register the first one.
-        .context = context,
+        const gop = try params.identity.identity_map.getOrPut(params.identity_arena, @intFromPtr(page.window));
-        .arena = global.arena,
+        if (gop.found_existing == false) {
-        .call_arena = params.call_arena,
+            // our window wrapped in a v8::Global
-        ._factory = global._factory,
+            var global_global: v8.Global = undefined;
-        ._scheduler = &context.scheduler,
+            v8.v8__Global__New(isolate.handle, global_obj, &global_global);
-    };
+            gop.value_ptr.* = global_global;
-
+        }
-    // Register in the identity map. Multiple contexts can be created for the
-    // same global (via CDP), so we only register the first one.
-    const identity_ptr = if (comptime is_page) @intFromPtr(global.window) else @intFromPtr(global);
-    const gop = try params.identity.identity_map.getOrPut(params.identity_arena, identity_ptr);
-    if (gop.found_existing == false) {
-        var global_global: v8.Global = undefined;
-        v8.v8__Global__New(isolate.handle, global_obj, &global_global);
-        gop.value_ptr.* = global_global;
     }
 
     // Store a pointer to our context inside the v8 context so that, given
@@ -504,19 +528,13 @@ fn promiseRejectCallback(message_handle: v8.PromiseRejectMessage) callconv(.c) v
         .call_arena = ctx.call_arena,
     };
 
-    switch (ctx.global) {
+    const page = ctx.page;
-        .page => |page| {
+    page.window.unhandledPromiseRejection(promise_event == v8.kPromiseRejectWithNoHandler, .{
-            page.window.unhandledPromiseRejection(promise_event == v8.kPromiseRejectWithNoHandler, .{
+        .local = &local,
-                .local = &local,
+        .handle = &message_handle,
-                .handle = &message_handle,
+    }, page) catch |err| {
-            }, page) catch |err| {
+        log.warn(.browser, "unhandled rejection handler", .{ .err = err });
-                log.warn(.browser, "unhandled rejection handler", .{ .err = err });
+    };
-            };
-        },
-        .worker => {
-            // TODO: Worker promise rejection handling
-        },
-    }
 }
 
 fn fatalCallback(c_location: [*c]const u8, c_message: [*c]const u8) callconv(.c) void {
@@ -548,50 +566,3 @@ const PrivateSymbols = struct {
         self.child_nodes.deinit();
     }
 };
-
-const testing = @import("../../testing.zig");
-const EventTarget = @import("../webapi/EventTarget.zig");
-
-test "Env: Worker context " {
-    const session = testing.test_session;
-
-    // Create a dummy WorkerGlobalScope using page's resources (hackish until session.createWorker exists)
-    const worker = try session.factory.eventTarget(WorkerGlobalScope{
-        ._session = session,
-        ._factory = &session.factory,
-        .arena = session.arena,
-        .url = "about:blank",
-        ._proto = undefined,
-        ._performance = .init(),
-    });
-
-    const ctx = try testing.test_browser.env.createWorkerContext(worker, .{
-        .identity = &session.identity,
-        .identity_arena = session.arena,
-        .call_arena = session.arena,
-    });
-    defer testing.test_browser.env.destroyContext(ctx);
-
-    var ls: js.Local.Scope = undefined;
-    ctx.localScope(&ls);
-    defer ls.deinit();
-
-    try testing.expectEqual(true, (try ls.local.exec("typeof Node === 'undefined'", null)).isTrue());
-    try testing.expectEqual(true, (try ls.local.exec("typeof WorkerGlobalScope !== 'undefined'", null)).isTrue());
-}
-
-test "Env: Page context" {
-    const session = testing.test_session;
-    const page = try session.createPage();
-    defer session.removePage();
-
-    // Page already has a context created, use it directly
-    const ctx = page.js;
-
-    var ls: js.Local.Scope = undefined;
-    ctx.localScope(&ls);
-    defer ls.deinit();
-
-    try testing.expectEqual(true, (try ls.local.exec("typeof Node !== 'undefined'", null)).isTrue());
-    try testing.expectEqual(true, (try ls.local.exec("typeof WorkerGlobalScope === 'undefined'", null)).isTrue());
-}

src/browser/js/Execution.zig

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2023-2026  Lightpanda (Selecy SAS)
-//
-// Francis Bouvier <francis@lightpanda.io>
-// Pierre Tachoire <pierre@lightpanda.io>
-//
-// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
-// published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
-// License, or (at your option) any later version.
-//
-// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
-//
-// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-//! Execution context for worker-compatible APIs.
-//!
-//! This provides a common interface for APIs that work in both Window and Worker
-//! contexts. Instead of taking `*Page` (which is DOM-specific), these APIs take
-//! `*Execution` which abstracts the common infrastructure.
-//!
-//! The bridge constructs an Execution on-the-fly from the current context,
-//! whether it's a Page context or a Worker context.
-
-const std = @import("std");
-const Context = @import("Context.zig");
-const Scheduler = @import("Scheduler.zig");
-const Factory = @import("../Factory.zig");
-
-const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator;
-
-const Execution = @This();
-
-context: *Context,
-
-// Fields named to match Page for generic code (executor._factory works for both)
-buf: []u8,
-arena: Allocator,
-call_arena: Allocator,
-_factory: *Factory,
-_scheduler: *Scheduler,
-
-// Pointer to the url field (Page or WorkerGlobalScope) - allows access to current url even after navigation
-url: *[:0]const u8,

src/browser/js/Local.zig

@@ -332,15 +332,7 @@ pub fn zigValueToJs(self: *const Local, value: anytype, comptime opts: CallOpts)
                 }
 
                 if (@typeInfo(ptr.child) == .@"struct" and @hasDecl(ptr.child, "runtimeGenericWrap")) {
-                    const page = switch (self.ctx.global) {
+                    const wrap = try value.runtimeGenericWrap(self.ctx.page);
-                        .page => |p| p,
-                        .worker => {
-                            // No Worker-related API currently uses this, so haven't
-                            // added support for it
-                            unreachable;
-                        },
-                    };
-                    const wrap = try value.runtimeGenericWrap(page);
                     return self.zigValueToJs(wrap, opts);
                 }
 
@@ -417,15 +409,7 @@ pub fn zigValueToJs(self: *const Local, value: anytype, comptime opts: CallOpts)
             // zig fmt: on
 
             if (@hasDecl(T, "runtimeGenericWrap")) {
-                const page = switch (self.ctx.global) {
+                const wrap = try value.runtimeGenericWrap(self.ctx.page);
-                    .page => |p| p,
-                    .worker => {
-                        // No Worker-related API currently uses this, so haven't
-                        // added support for it
-                        unreachable;
-                    },
-                };
-                const wrap = try value.runtimeGenericWrap(page);
                 return self.zigValueToJs(wrap, opts);
             }
 

src/browser/js/Snapshot.zig

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2023-2026  Lightpanda (Selecy SAS)
+// Copyright (C) 2023-2025  Lightpanda (Selecy SAS)
 //
 // Francis Bouvier <francis@lightpanda.io>
 // Pierre Tachoire <pierre@lightpanda.io>
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 // along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 const std = @import("std");
-const lp = @import("lightpanda");
 const js = @import("js.zig");
 const bridge = @import("bridge.zig");
 const log = @import("../../log.zig");
@@ -26,8 +25,6 @@ const IS_DEBUG = @import("builtin").mode == .Debug;
 
 const v8 = js.v8;
 const JsApis = bridge.JsApis;
-const PageJsApis = bridge.PageJsApis;
-const WorkerJsApis = bridge.WorkerJsApis;
 
 const Snapshot = @This();
 
@@ -138,7 +135,7 @@ pub fn create() !Snapshot {
         v8.v8__HandleScope__CONSTRUCT(&handle_scope, isolate);
         defer v8.v8__HandleScope__DESTRUCT(&handle_scope);
 
-        // Create templates for ALL types (JsApis)
+        // Create templates (constructors only) FIRST
         var templates: [JsApis.len]*const v8.FunctionTemplate = undefined;
         inline for (JsApis, 0..) |JsApi, i| {
             @setEvalBranchQuota(10_000);
@@ -147,51 +144,114 @@ pub fn create() !Snapshot {
         }
 
         // Set up prototype chains BEFORE attaching properties
+        // This must come before attachClass so inheritance is set up first
         inline for (JsApis, 0..) |JsApi, i| {
             if (comptime protoIndexLookup(JsApi)) |proto_index| {
                 v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__Inherit(templates[i], templates[proto_index]);
             }
         }
 
-        // Add ALL templates to snapshot (done once, in any context)
+        // Set up the global template to inherit from Window's template
-        // We need a context to call AddData, so create a temporary one
+        // This way the global object gets all Window properties through inheritance
-        {
+        const context = v8.v8__Context__New(isolate, null, null);
-            const temp_context = v8.v8__Context__New(isolate, null, null);
+        v8.v8__Context__Enter(context);
-            v8.v8__Context__Enter(temp_context);
+        defer v8.v8__Context__Exit(context);
-            defer v8.v8__Context__Exit(temp_context);
 
-            var last_data_index: usize = 0;
+        // Add templates to context snapshot
-            inline for (JsApis, 0..) |_, i| {
+        var last_data_index: usize = 0;
-                @setEvalBranchQuota(10_000);
+        inline for (JsApis, 0..) |_, i| {
-                const data_index = v8.v8__SnapshotCreator__AddData(snapshot_creator, @ptrCast(templates[i]));
+            @setEvalBranchQuota(10_000);
-                if (i == 0) {
+            const data_index = v8.v8__SnapshotCreator__AddData(snapshot_creator, @ptrCast(templates[i]));
-                    data_start = data_index;
+            if (i == 0) {
-                    last_data_index = data_index;
+                data_start = data_index;
+                last_data_index = data_index;
+            } else {
+                // This isn't strictly required, but it means we only need to keep
+                // the first data_index. This is based on the assumption that
+                // addDataWithContext always increases by 1. If we ever hit this
+                // error, then that assumption is wrong and we should capture
+                // all the indexes explicitly in an array.
+                if (data_index != last_data_index + 1) {
+                    return error.InvalidDataIndex;
+                }
+                last_data_index = data_index;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Realize all templates by getting their functions and attaching to global
+        const global_obj = v8.v8__Context__Global(context);
+
+        inline for (JsApis, 0..) |JsApi, i| {
+            const func = v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__GetFunction(templates[i], context);
+
+            // Attach to global if it has a name
+            if (@hasDecl(JsApi.Meta, "name")) {
+                if (@hasDecl(JsApi.Meta, "constructor_alias")) {
+                    const alias = JsApi.Meta.constructor_alias;
+                    const v8_class_name = v8.v8__String__NewFromUtf8(isolate, alias.ptr, v8.kNormal, @intCast(alias.len));
+                    var maybe_result: v8.MaybeBool = undefined;
+                    v8.v8__Object__Set(global_obj, context, v8_class_name, func, &maybe_result);
+
+                    // @TODO: This is wrong. This name should be registered with the
+                    // illegalConstructorCallback. I.e. new Image() is OK, but
+                    // new HTMLImageElement() isn't.
+                    // But we _have_ to register the name, i.e. HTMLImageElement
+                    // has to be registered so, for now, instead of creating another
+                    // template, we just hook it into the constructor.
+                    const name = JsApi.Meta.name;
+                    const illegal_class_name = v8.v8__String__NewFromUtf8(isolate, name.ptr, v8.kNormal, @intCast(name.len));
+                    var maybe_result2: v8.MaybeBool = undefined;
+                    v8.v8__Object__DefineOwnProperty(global_obj, context, illegal_class_name, func, 0, &maybe_result2);
                 } else {
-                    if (data_index != last_data_index + 1) {
+                    const name = JsApi.Meta.name;
-                        return error.InvalidDataIndex;
+                    const v8_class_name = v8.v8__String__NewFromUtf8(isolate, name.ptr, v8.kNormal, @intCast(name.len));
+                    var maybe_result: v8.MaybeBool = undefined;
+                    var properties: v8.PropertyAttribute = v8.None;
+                    if (@hasDecl(JsApi.Meta, "enumerable") and JsApi.Meta.enumerable == false) {
+                        properties |= v8.DontEnum;
                     }
-                    last_data_index = data_index;
+                    v8.v8__Object__DefineOwnProperty(global_obj, context, v8_class_name, func, properties, &maybe_result);
                 }
             }
-
-            // V8 requires a default context. We could probably make this our
-            // Page context, but having both the Page and Worker context be
-            // indexed via addContext makes things a little more consistent.
-            v8.v8__SnapshotCreator__setDefaultContext(snapshot_creator, temp_context);
         }
 
         {
-            const Window = @import("../webapi/Window.zig");
+            // If we want to overwrite the built-in console, we have to
-            const index = try createSnapshotContext(&PageJsApis, Window.JsApi, isolate, snapshot_creator.?, &templates);
+            // delete the built-in one.
-            std.debug.assert(index == 0);
+            const console_key = v8.v8__String__NewFromUtf8(isolate, "console", v8.kNormal, 7);
+            var maybe_deleted: v8.MaybeBool = undefined;
+            v8.v8__Object__Delete(global_obj, context, console_key, &maybe_deleted);
+            if (maybe_deleted.value == false) {
+                return error.ConsoleDeleteError;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // This shouldn't be necessary, but it is:
+        // https://groups.google.com/g/v8-users/c/qAQQBmbi--8
+        // TODO: see if newer V8 engines have a way around this.
+        inline for (JsApis, 0..) |JsApi, i| {
+            if (comptime protoIndexLookup(JsApi)) |proto_index| {
+                const proto_func = v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__GetFunction(templates[proto_index], context);
+                const proto_obj: *const v8.Object = @ptrCast(proto_func);
+
+                const self_func = v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__GetFunction(templates[i], context);
+                const self_obj: *const v8.Object = @ptrCast(self_func);
+
+                var maybe_result: v8.MaybeBool = undefined;
+                v8.v8__Object__SetPrototype(self_obj, context, proto_obj, &maybe_result);
+            }
         }
 
         {
-            const WorkerGlobalScope = @import("../webapi/WorkerGlobalScope.zig");
+            // Custom exception
-            const index = try createSnapshotContext(&WorkerJsApis, WorkerGlobalScope.JsApi, isolate, snapshot_creator.?, &templates);
+            // TODO: this is an horrible hack, I can't figure out how to do this cleanly.
-            std.debug.assert(index == 1);
+            const code_str = "DOMException.prototype.__proto__ = Error.prototype";
+            const code = v8.v8__String__NewFromUtf8(isolate, code_str.ptr, v8.kNormal, @intCast(code_str.len));
+            const script = v8.v8__Script__Compile(context, code, null) orelse return error.ScriptCompileFailed;
+            _ = v8.v8__Script__Run(script, context) orelse return error.ScriptRunFailed;
         }
+
+        v8.v8__SnapshotCreator__setDefaultContext(snapshot_creator, context);
     }
 
     const blob = v8.v8__SnapshotCreator__createBlob(snapshot_creator, v8.kKeep);
@@ -199,127 +259,25 @@ pub fn create() !Snapshot {
     return .{
         .owns_data = true,
         .data_start = data_start,
-        .startup_data = blob,
         .external_references = external_references,
+        .startup_data = blob,
     };
 }
 
-fn createSnapshotContext(
+// Helper to check if a JsApi has a NamedIndexed handler
-    comptime ContextApis: []const type,
+fn hasNamedIndexedGetter(comptime JsApi: type) bool {
-    comptime GlobalScopeApi: type,
+    const declarations = @typeInfo(JsApi).@"struct".decls;
-    isolate: *v8.Isolate,
+    inline for (declarations) |d| {
-    snapshot_creator: *v8.SnapshotCreator,
+        const value = @field(JsApi, d.name);
-    templates: []*const v8.FunctionTemplate,
+        const T = @TypeOf(value);
-) !usize {
+        if (T == bridge.NamedIndexed) {
-    // Create a global template that inherits from the GlobalScopeApi (Window or WorkerGlobalScope)
+            return true;
-    const global_scope_index = comptime bridge.JsApiLookup.getId(GlobalScopeApi);
-    const js_global = v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__New__DEFAULT(isolate);
-    const class_name = v8.v8__String__NewFromUtf8(isolate, GlobalScopeApi.Meta.name.ptr, v8.kNormal, @intCast(GlobalScopeApi.Meta.name.len));
-    v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__SetClassName(js_global, class_name);
-    v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__Inherit(js_global, templates[global_scope_index]);
-
-    const global_template = v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__InstanceTemplate(js_global).?;
-    v8.v8__ObjectTemplate__SetInternalFieldCount(global_template, comptime countInternalFields(GlobalScopeApi));
-
-    // Set up named/indexed handlers for Window's global object (for named element access like window.myDiv)
-    if (comptime std.mem.eql(u8, GlobalScopeApi.Meta.name, "Window")) {
-        v8.v8__ObjectTemplate__SetNamedHandler(global_template, &.{
-            .getter = bridge.unknownWindowPropertyCallback,
-            .setter = null,
-            .query = null,
-            .deleter = null,
-            .enumerator = null,
-            .definer = null,
-            .descriptor = null,
-            .data = null,
-            .flags = v8.kOnlyInterceptStrings | v8.kNonMasking,
-        });
-        v8.v8__ObjectTemplate__SetIndexedHandler(global_template, &.{
-            .getter = @import("../webapi/Window.zig").JsApi.index.getter,
-            .setter = null,
-            .query = null,
-            .deleter = null,
-            .enumerator = null,
-            .definer = null,
-            .descriptor = null,
-            .data = null,
-            .flags = 0,
-        });
-    }
-
-    const context = v8.v8__Context__New(isolate, global_template, null);
-    v8.v8__Context__Enter(context);
-    defer v8.v8__Context__Exit(context);
-
-    // Initialize embedder data to null so callbacks can detect snapshot creation
-    v8.v8__Context__SetAlignedPointerInEmbedderData(context, 1, null);
-
-    const global_obj = v8.v8__Context__Global(context);
-
-    // Attach constructors for this context's APIs to the global
-    inline for (ContextApis) |JsApi| {
-        const template_index = comptime bridge.JsApiLookup.getId(JsApi);
-        const func = v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__GetFunction(templates[template_index], context);
-        if (@hasDecl(JsApi.Meta, "name")) {
-            if (@hasDecl(JsApi.Meta, "constructor_alias")) {
-                const alias = JsApi.Meta.constructor_alias;
-                const v8_class_name = v8.v8__String__NewFromUtf8(isolate, alias.ptr, v8.kNormal, @intCast(alias.len));
-                var maybe_result: v8.MaybeBool = undefined;
-                v8.v8__Object__Set(global_obj, context, v8_class_name, func, &maybe_result);
-
-                const name = JsApi.Meta.name;
-                const illegal_class_name = v8.v8__String__NewFromUtf8(isolate, name.ptr, v8.kNormal, @intCast(name.len));
-                var maybe_result2: v8.MaybeBool = undefined;
-                v8.v8__Object__DefineOwnProperty(global_obj, context, illegal_class_name, func, 0, &maybe_result2);
-            } else {
-                const name = JsApi.Meta.name;
-                const v8_class_name = v8.v8__String__NewFromUtf8(isolate, name.ptr, v8.kNormal, @intCast(name.len));
-                var maybe_result: v8.MaybeBool = undefined;
-                var properties: v8.PropertyAttribute = v8.None;
-                if (@hasDecl(JsApi.Meta, "enumerable") and JsApi.Meta.enumerable == false) {
-                    properties |= v8.DontEnum;
-                }
-                v8.v8__Object__DefineOwnProperty(global_obj, context, v8_class_name, func, properties, &maybe_result);
-            }
         }
     }
-
+    return false;
-    {
-        // Delete built-in console so we can inject our own
-        const console_key = v8.v8__String__NewFromUtf8(isolate, "console", v8.kNormal, 7);
-        var maybe_deleted: v8.MaybeBool = undefined;
-        v8.v8__Object__Delete(global_obj, context, console_key, &maybe_deleted);
-        if (maybe_deleted.value == false) {
-            return error.ConsoleDeleteError;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Set prototype chains on function objects
-    // https://groups.google.com/g/v8-users/c/qAQQBmbi--8
-    inline for (JsApis, 0..) |JsApi, i| {
-        if (comptime protoIndexLookup(JsApi)) |proto_index| {
-            const proto_func = v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__GetFunction(templates[proto_index], context);
-            const proto_obj: *const v8.Object = @ptrCast(proto_func);
-
-            const self_func = v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__GetFunction(templates[i], context);
-            const self_obj: *const v8.Object = @ptrCast(self_func);
-
-            var maybe_result: v8.MaybeBool = undefined;
-            v8.v8__Object__SetPrototype(self_obj, context, proto_obj, &maybe_result);
-        }
-    }
-
-    {
-        // DOMException prototype setup
-        const code_str = "DOMException.prototype.__proto__ = Error.prototype";
-        const code = v8.v8__String__NewFromUtf8(isolate, code_str.ptr, v8.kNormal, @intCast(code_str.len));
-        const script = v8.v8__Script__Compile(context, code, null) orelse return error.ScriptCompileFailed;
-        _ = v8.v8__Script__Run(script, context) orelse return error.ScriptRunFailed;
-    }
-
-    return v8.v8__SnapshotCreator__AddContext(snapshot_creator, context);
 }
 
+// Count total callbacks needed for external_references array
 fn countExternalReferences() comptime_int {
     @setEvalBranchQuota(100_000);
 
@@ -331,24 +289,24 @@ fn countExternalReferences() comptime_int {
     // +1 for the noop function shared by various types
     count += 1;
 
-    // +1 for unknownWindowPropertyCallback used on Window's global template
-    count += 1;
-
     inline for (JsApis) |JsApi| {
+        // Constructor (only if explicit)
         if (@hasDecl(JsApi, "constructor")) {
             count += 1;
         }
 
+        // Callable (htmldda)
         if (@hasDecl(JsApi, "callable")) {
             count += 1;
         }
 
+        // All other callbacks
         const declarations = @typeInfo(JsApi).@"struct".decls;
         inline for (declarations) |d| {
             const value = @field(JsApi, d.name);
             const T = @TypeOf(value);
             if (T == bridge.Accessor) {
-                count += 1;
+                count += 1; // getter
                 if (value.setter != null) {
                     count += 1;
                 }
@@ -362,13 +320,14 @@ fn countExternalReferences() comptime_int {
                     count += 1;
                 }
             } else if (T == bridge.NamedIndexed) {
-                count += 1;
+                count += 1; // getter
                 if (value.setter != null) count += 1;
                 if (value.deleter != null) count += 1;
             }
         }
     }
 
+    // In debug mode, add unknown property callbacks for types without NamedIndexed
     if (comptime IS_DEBUG) {
         inline for (JsApis) |JsApi| {
             if (!hasNamedIndexedGetter(JsApi)) {
@@ -390,9 +349,6 @@ fn collectExternalReferences() [countExternalReferences()]isize {
     references[idx] = @bitCast(@intFromPtr(&bridge.Function.noopFunction));
     idx += 1;
 
-    references[idx] = @bitCast(@intFromPtr(&bridge.unknownWindowPropertyCallback));
-    idx += 1;
-
     inline for (JsApis) |JsApi| {
         if (@hasDecl(JsApi, "constructor")) {
             references[idx] = @bitCast(@intFromPtr(JsApi.constructor.func));
@@ -443,6 +399,7 @@ fn collectExternalReferences() [countExternalReferences()]isize {
         }
     }
 
+    // In debug mode, collect unknown property callbacks for types without NamedIndexed
     if (comptime IS_DEBUG) {
         inline for (JsApis) |JsApi| {
             if (!hasNamedIndexedGetter(JsApi)) {
@@ -455,11 +412,37 @@ fn collectExternalReferences() [countExternalReferences()]isize {
     return references;
 }
 
-fn protoIndexLookup(comptime JsApi: type) ?u16 {
+// Even if a struct doesn't have a `constructor` function, we still
-    return protoIndexLookupFor(&JsApis, JsApi);
+// `generateConstructor`, because this is how we create our
+// FunctionTemplate. Such classes exist, but they can't be instantiated
+// via `new ClassName()` - but they could, for example, be created in
+// Zig and returned from a function call, which is why we need the
+// FunctionTemplate.
+fn generateConstructor(comptime JsApi: type, isolate: *v8.Isolate) *const v8.FunctionTemplate {
+    const callback = blk: {
+        if (@hasDecl(JsApi, "constructor")) {
+            break :blk JsApi.constructor.func;
+        }
+
+        // Use shared illegal constructor callback
+        break :blk illegalConstructorCallback;
+    };
+
+    const template = v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__New__DEFAULT2(isolate, callback).?;
+    {
+        const internal_field_count = comptime countInternalFields(JsApi);
+        if (internal_field_count > 0) {
+            const instance_template = v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__InstanceTemplate(template);
+            v8.v8__ObjectTemplate__SetInternalFieldCount(instance_template, internal_field_count);
+        }
+    }
+    const name_str = if (@hasDecl(JsApi.Meta, "name")) JsApi.Meta.name else @typeName(JsApi);
+    const class_name = v8.v8__String__NewFromUtf8(isolate, name_str.ptr, v8.kNormal, @intCast(name_str.len));
+    v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__SetClassName(template, class_name);
+    return template;
 }
 
-fn countInternalFields(comptime JsApi: type) u8 {
+pub fn countInternalFields(comptime JsApi: type) u8 {
     var last_used_id = 0;
     var cache_count: u8 = 0;
 
@@ -497,80 +480,14 @@ fn countInternalFields(comptime JsApi: type) u8 {
     return cache_count + 1;
 }
 
-// Shared illegal constructor callback for types without explicit constructors
+// Attaches JsApi members to the prototype template (normal case)
-fn illegalConstructorCallback(raw_info: ?*const v8.FunctionCallbackInfo) callconv(.c) void {
-    const isolate = v8.v8__FunctionCallbackInfo__GetIsolate(raw_info);
-    log.warn(.js, "Illegal constructor call", .{});
-
-    const message = v8.v8__String__NewFromUtf8(isolate, "Illegal Constructor", v8.kNormal, 19);
-    const js_exception = v8.v8__Exception__TypeError(message);
-
-    _ = v8.v8__Isolate__ThrowException(isolate, js_exception);
-    var return_value: v8.ReturnValue = undefined;
-    v8.v8__FunctionCallbackInfo__GetReturnValue(raw_info, &return_value);
-    v8.v8__ReturnValue__Set(return_value, js_exception);
-}
-
-// Helper to check if a JsApi has a NamedIndexed handler (public for reuse)
-fn hasNamedIndexedGetter(comptime JsApi: type) bool {
-    const declarations = @typeInfo(JsApi).@"struct".decls;
-    inline for (declarations) |d| {
-        const value = @field(JsApi, d.name);
-        const T = @TypeOf(value);
-        if (T == bridge.NamedIndexed) {
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-// Generic prototype index lookup for a given API list
-fn protoIndexLookupFor(comptime ApiList: []const type, comptime JsApi: type) ?u16 {
-    @setEvalBranchQuota(100_000);
-    comptime {
-        const T = JsApi.bridge.type;
-        if (!@hasField(T, "_proto")) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        const Ptr = std.meta.fieldInfo(T, ._proto).type;
-        const F = @typeInfo(Ptr).pointer.child;
-        // Look up in the provided API list
-        for (ApiList, 0..) |Api, i| {
-            if (Api == F.JsApi) {
-                return i;
-            }
-        }
-        @compileError("Prototype " ++ @typeName(F.JsApi) ++ " not found in API list");
-    }
-}
-
-// Generate a constructor template for a JsApi type (public for reuse)
-pub fn generateConstructor(comptime JsApi: type, isolate: *v8.Isolate) *const v8.FunctionTemplate {
-    const callback = blk: {
-        if (@hasDecl(JsApi, "constructor")) {
-            break :blk JsApi.constructor.func;
-        }
-        break :blk illegalConstructorCallback;
-    };
-
-    const template = v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__New__DEFAULT2(isolate, callback).?;
-    {
-        const internal_field_count = comptime countInternalFields(JsApi);
-        if (internal_field_count > 0) {
-            const instance_template = v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__InstanceTemplate(template);
-            v8.v8__ObjectTemplate__SetInternalFieldCount(instance_template, internal_field_count);
-        }
-    }
-    const name_str = if (@hasDecl(JsApi.Meta, "name")) JsApi.Meta.name else @typeName(JsApi);
-    const class_name = v8.v8__String__NewFromUtf8(isolate, name_str.ptr, v8.kNormal, @intCast(name_str.len));
-    v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__SetClassName(template, class_name);
-    return template;
-}
-
-// Attach JsApi members to a template (public for reuse)
 fn attachClass(comptime JsApi: type, isolate: *v8.Isolate, template: *const v8.FunctionTemplate) void {
     const instance = v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__InstanceTemplate(template);
     const prototype = v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__PrototypeTemplate(template);
+
+    // Create a signature that validates the receiver is an instance of this template.
+    // This prevents crashes when JavaScript extracts a getter/method and calls it
+    // with the wrong `this` (e.g., documentGetter.call(null)).
     const signature = v8.v8__Signature__New(isolate, template);
 
     const declarations = @typeInfo(JsApi).@"struct".decls;
@@ -606,6 +523,7 @@ fn attachClass(comptime JsApi: type, isolate: *v8.Isolate, template: *const v8.F
                 }
 
                 if (value.static) {
+                    // Static accessors: use Template's SetAccessorProperty
                     v8.v8__Template__SetAccessorProperty(@ptrCast(template), js_name, getter_callback, setter_callback, attribute);
                 } else {
                     v8.v8__ObjectTemplate__SetAccessorProperty__Config(prototype, &.{
@@ -617,6 +535,7 @@ fn attachClass(comptime JsApi: type, isolate: *v8.Isolate, template: *const v8.F
                 }
             },
             bridge.Function => {
+                // For non-static functions, use the signature to validate the receiver
                 const func_signature = if (value.static) null else signature;
                 const function_template = v8.v8__FunctionTemplate__New__Config(isolate, &.{
                     .callback = value.func,
@@ -670,7 +589,7 @@ fn attachClass(comptime JsApi: type, isolate: *v8.Isolate, template: *const v8.F
             bridge.Property => {
                 const js_value = switch (value.value) {
                     .null => js.simpleZigValueToJs(.{ .handle = isolate }, null, true, false),
-                    inline .bool, .int, .float, .string => |pv| js.simpleZigValueToJs(.{ .handle = isolate }, pv, true, false),
+                    inline .bool, .int, .float, .string => |v| js.simpleZigValueToJs(.{ .handle = isolate }, v, true, false),
                 };
                 const js_name = v8.v8__String__NewFromUtf8(isolate, name.ptr, v8.kNormal, @intCast(name.len));
 
@@ -680,10 +599,11 @@ fn attachClass(comptime JsApi: type, isolate: *v8.Isolate, template: *const v8.F
                 }
 
                 if (value.template) {
+                    // apply it both to the type itself (e.g. Node.Elem)
                     v8.v8__Template__Set(@ptrCast(template), js_name, js_value, v8.ReadOnly + v8.DontDelete);
                 }
             },
-            bridge.Constructor => {},
+            bridge.Constructor => {}, // already handled in generateConstructor
             else => {},
         }
     }
@@ -716,3 +636,30 @@ fn attachClass(comptime JsApi: type, isolate: *v8.Isolate, template: *const v8.F
         }
     }
 }
+
+fn protoIndexLookup(comptime JsApi: type) ?bridge.JsApiLookup.BackingInt {
+    @setEvalBranchQuota(2000);
+    comptime {
+        const T = JsApi.bridge.type;
+        if (!@hasField(T, "_proto")) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        const Ptr = std.meta.fieldInfo(T, ._proto).type;
+        const F = @typeInfo(Ptr).pointer.child;
+        return bridge.JsApiLookup.getId(F.JsApi);
+    }
+}
+
+// Shared illegal constructor callback for types without explicit constructors
+fn illegalConstructorCallback(raw_info: ?*const v8.FunctionCallbackInfo) callconv(.c) void {
+    const isolate = v8.v8__FunctionCallbackInfo__GetIsolate(raw_info);
+    log.warn(.js, "Illegal constructor call", .{});
+
+    const message = v8.v8__String__NewFromUtf8(isolate, "Illegal Constructor", v8.kNormal, 19);
+    const js_exception = v8.v8__Exception__TypeError(message);
+
+    _ = v8.v8__Isolate__ThrowException(isolate, js_exception);
+    var return_value: v8.ReturnValue = undefined;
+    v8.v8__FunctionCallbackInfo__GetReturnValue(raw_info, &return_value);
+    v8.v8__ReturnValue__Set(return_value, js_exception);
+}

src/browser/js/bridge.zig

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ const Session = @import("../Session.zig");
 const v8 = js.v8;
 
 const Caller = @import("Caller.zig");
-const Context = @import("Context.zig");
 
 const IS_DEBUG = @import("builtin").mode == .Debug;
 
@@ -387,11 +386,6 @@ pub const Property = struct {
 
 pub fn unknownWindowPropertyCallback(c_name: ?*const v8.Name, handle: ?*const v8.PropertyCallbackInfo) callconv(.c) u8 {
     const v8_isolate = v8.v8__PropertyCallbackInfo__GetIsolate(handle).?;
-
-    // During snapshot creation, there's no Context in embedder data yet
-    const v8_context = v8.v8__Isolate__GetCurrentContext(v8_isolate) orelse return 0;
-    if (v8.v8__Context__GetAlignedPointerFromEmbedderData(v8_context, 1) == null) return 0;
-
     var caller: Caller = undefined;
     caller.init(v8_isolate);
     defer caller.deinit();
@@ -406,18 +400,14 @@ pub fn unknownWindowPropertyCallback(c_name: ?*const v8.Name, handle: ?*const v8
         return 0;
     };
 
-    // Only Page contexts have document.getElementById lookup
+    const page = local.ctx.page;
-    switch (local.ctx.global) {
+    const document = page.document;
-        .page => |page| {
+
-            const document = page.document;
+    if (document.getElementById(property, page)) |el| {
-            if (document.getElementById(property, page)) |el| {
+        const js_val = local.zigValueToJs(el, .{}) catch return 0;
-                const js_val = local.zigValueToJs(el, .{}) catch return 0;
+        var pc = Caller.PropertyCallbackInfo{ .handle = handle.? };
-                var pc = Caller.PropertyCallbackInfo{ .handle = handle.? };
+        pc.getReturnValue().set(js_val);
-                pc.getReturnValue().set(js_val);
+        return 1;
-                return 1;
-            }
-        },
-        .worker => {}, // no global lookup in a worker
     }
 
     if (comptime IS_DEBUG) {
@@ -455,8 +445,7 @@ pub fn unknownWindowPropertyCallback(c_name: ?*const v8.Name, handle: ?*const v8
             .{ "ApplePaySession", {} },
         });
         if (!ignored.has(property)) {
-            var buf: [2048]u8 = undefined;
+            const key = std.fmt.bufPrint(&local.ctx.page.buf, "Window:{s}", .{property}) catch return 0;
-            const key = std.fmt.bufPrint(&buf, "Window:{s}", .{property}) catch return 0;
             logUnknownProperty(local, key) catch return 0;
         }
     }
@@ -519,8 +508,7 @@ pub fn unknownObjectPropertyCallback(comptime JsApi: type) *const fn (?*const v8
 
             const ignored = std.StaticStringMap(void).initComptime(.{});
             if (!ignored.has(property)) {
-                var buf: [2048]u8 = undefined;
+                const key = std.fmt.bufPrint(&local.ctx.page.buf, "{s}:{s}", .{ if (@hasDecl(JsApi.Meta, "name")) JsApi.Meta.name else @typeName(JsApi), property }) catch return 0;
-                const key = std.fmt.bufPrint(&buf, "{s}:{s}", .{ if (@hasDecl(JsApi.Meta, "name")) JsApi.Meta.name else @typeName(JsApi), property }) catch return 0;
                 logUnknownProperty(local, key) catch return 0;
             }
             // not intercepted
@@ -562,7 +550,7 @@ fn PrototypeType(comptime T: type) ?type {
     return Struct(std.meta.fieldInfo(T, ._proto).type);
 }
 
-pub fn flattenTypes(comptime Types: []const type) [countFlattenedTypes(Types)]type {
+fn flattenTypes(comptime Types: []const type) [countFlattenedTypes(Types)]type {
     var index: usize = 0;
     var flat: [countFlattenedTypes(Types)]type = undefined;
     for (Types) |T| {
@@ -685,8 +673,7 @@ pub const SubType = enum {
     webassemblymemory,
 };
 
-// APIs for Page/Window contexts. Used by Snapshot.zig for Page snapshot creation.
+pub const JsApis = flattenTypes(&.{
-pub const PageJsApis = flattenTypes(&.{
     @import("../webapi/AbortController.zig"),
     @import("../webapi/AbortSignal.zig"),
     @import("../webapi/CData.zig"),
@@ -879,33 +866,3 @@ pub const PageJsApis = flattenTypes(&.{
     @import("../webapi/Selection.zig"),
     @import("../webapi/ImageData.zig"),
 });
-
-// APIs available on Worker context globals (constructors like URL, Headers, etc.)
-// This is a subset of PageJsApis plus WorkerGlobalScope.
-// TODO: Expand this list to include all worker-appropriate APIs.
-pub const WorkerJsApis = flattenTypes(&.{
-    @import("../webapi/WorkerGlobalScope.zig"),
-    @import("../webapi/EventTarget.zig"),
-    @import("../webapi/DOMException.zig"),
-    @import("../webapi/AbortController.zig"),
-    @import("../webapi/AbortSignal.zig"),
-    @import("../webapi/URL.zig"),
-    @import("../webapi/net/URLSearchParams.zig"),
-    @import("../webapi/net/Headers.zig"),
-    @import("../webapi/net/Request.zig"),
-    @import("../webapi/net/Response.zig"),
-    @import("../webapi/encoding/TextEncoder.zig"),
-    @import("../webapi/encoding/TextDecoder.zig"),
-    @import("../webapi/Blob.zig"),
-    @import("../webapi/File.zig"),
-    @import("../webapi/net/FormData.zig"),
-    @import("../webapi/Console.zig"),
-    @import("../webapi/Crypto.zig"),
-    @import("../webapi/Performance.zig"),
-});
-
-// Master list of ALL JS APIs across all contexts.
-// Used by Env (class IDs, templates), JsApiLookup, and anywhere that needs
-// to know about all possible types. Individual snapshots use their own
-// subsets (PageJsApis, WorkerSnapshot.JsApis).
-pub const JsApis = PageJsApis ++ [_]type{@import("../webapi/WorkerGlobalScope.zig").JsApi};

src/browser/js/js.zig

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ pub const Caller = @import("Caller.zig");
 pub const Origin = @import("Origin.zig");
 pub const Identity = @import("Identity.zig");
 pub const Context = @import("Context.zig");
-pub const Execution = @import("Execution.zig");
 pub const Local = @import("Local.zig");
 pub const Inspector = @import("Inspector.zig");
 pub const Snapshot = @import("Snapshot.zig");

src/browser/tests/mcp_actions.html

@@ -10,5 +10,20 @@
     <div id="scrollbox" style="width: 100px; height: 100px; overflow: scroll;" onscroll="window.scrolled = true;">
         <div style="height: 500px;">Long content</div>
     </div>
+    <div id="hoverTarget" onmouseover="window.hovered = true;">Hover Me</div>
+    <input id="keyTarget" onkeydown="window.keyPressed = event.key;" onkeyup="window.keyReleased = event.key;">
+    <select id="sel2" onchange="window.sel2Changed = this.value">
+        <option value="a">Alpha</option>
+        <option value="b">Beta</option>
+        <option value="c">Gamma</option>
+    </select>
+    <input id="chk" type="checkbox">
+    <input id="rad" type="radio" name="group1">
+    <script>
+        document.getElementById('chk').addEventListener('click', function() { window.chkClicked = true; });
+        document.getElementById('chk').addEventListener('change', function() { window.chkChanged = true; });
+        document.getElementById('rad').addEventListener('click', function() { window.radClicked = true; });
+        document.getElementById('rad').addEventListener('change', function() { window.radChanged = true; });
+    </script>
 </body>
 </html>

src/browser/webapi/EventTarget.zig

@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ pub const Type = union(enum) {
     generic: void,
     node: *@import("Node.zig"),
     window: *@import("Window.zig"),
-    worker_global_scope: *@import("WorkerGlobalScope.zig"),
     xhr: *@import("net/XMLHttpRequestEventTarget.zig"),
     abort_signal: *@import("AbortSignal.zig"),
     media_query_list: *@import("css/MediaQueryList.zig"),
@@ -131,7 +130,6 @@ pub fn format(self: *EventTarget, writer: *std.Io.Writer) !void {
         .node => |n| n.format(writer),
         .generic => writer.writeAll("<EventTarget>"),
         .window => writer.writeAll("<Window>"),
-        .worker_global_scope => writer.writeAll("<WorkerGlobalScope>"),
         .xhr => writer.writeAll("<XMLHttpRequestEventTarget>"),
         .abort_signal => writer.writeAll("<AbortSignal>"),
         .media_query_list => writer.writeAll("<MediaQueryList>"),
@@ -151,7 +149,6 @@ pub fn toString(self: *EventTarget) []const u8 {
         .node => return "[object Node]",
         .generic => return "[object EventTarget]",
         .window => return "[object Window]",
-        .worker_global_scope => return "[object WorkerGlobalScope]",
         .xhr => return "[object XMLHttpRequestEventTarget]",
         .abort_signal => return "[object AbortSignal]",
         .media_query_list => return "[object MediaQueryList]",

src/browser/webapi/KeyValueList.zig

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ const String = @import("../../string.zig").String;
 
 const js = @import("../js/js.zig");
 const Page = @import("../Page.zig");
-const Execution = js.Execution;
 
 const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator;
 
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ pub fn registerTypes() []const type {
     };
 }
 
-const Normalizer = *const fn ([]const u8, []u8) []const u8;
+const Normalizer = *const fn ([]const u8, *Page) []const u8;
 
 pub const Entry = struct {
     name: String,
@@ -62,14 +61,14 @@ pub fn copy(arena: Allocator, original: KeyValueList) !KeyValueList {
     return list;
 }
 
-pub fn fromJsObject(arena: Allocator, js_obj: js.Object, comptime normalizer: ?Normalizer, buf: []u8) !KeyValueList {
+pub fn fromJsObject(arena: Allocator, js_obj: js.Object, comptime normalizer: ?Normalizer, page: *Page) !KeyValueList {
     var it = try js_obj.nameIterator();
     var list = KeyValueList.init();
     try list.ensureTotalCapacity(arena, it.count);
 
     while (try it.next()) |name| {
         const js_value = try js_obj.get(name);
-        const normalized = if (comptime normalizer) |n| n(name, buf) else name;
+        const normalized = if (comptime normalizer) |n| n(name, page) else name;
 
         list._entries.appendAssumeCapacity(.{
             .name = try String.init(arena, normalized, .{}),
@@ -80,12 +79,12 @@ pub fn fromJsObject(arena: Allocator, js_obj: js.Object, comptime normalizer: ?N
     return list;
 }
 
-pub fn fromArray(arena: Allocator, kvs: []const [2][]const u8, comptime normalizer: ?Normalizer, buf: []u8) !KeyValueList {
+pub fn fromArray(arena: Allocator, kvs: []const [2][]const u8, comptime normalizer: ?Normalizer, page: *Page) !KeyValueList {
     var list = KeyValueList.init();
     try list.ensureTotalCapacity(arena, kvs.len);
 
     for (kvs) |pair| {
-        const normalized = if (comptime normalizer) |n| n(pair[0], buf) else pair[0];
+        const normalized = if (comptime normalizer) |n| n(pair[0], page) else pair[0];
 
         list._entries.appendAssumeCapacity(.{
             .name = try String.init(arena, normalized, .{}),
@@ -112,11 +111,12 @@ pub fn get(self: *const KeyValueList, name: []const u8) ?[]const u8 {
     return null;
 }
 
-pub fn getAll(self: *const KeyValueList, allocator: Allocator, name: []const u8) ![]const []const u8 {
+pub fn getAll(self: *const KeyValueList, name: []const u8, page: *Page) ![]const []const u8 {
+    const arena = page.call_arena;
     var arr: std.ArrayList([]const u8) = .empty;
     for (self._entries.items) |*entry| {
         if (entry.name.eqlSlice(name)) {
-            try arr.append(allocator, entry.value.str());
+            try arr.append(arena, entry.value.str());
         }
     }
     return arr.items;
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ pub const Iterator = struct {
 
     pub const Entry = struct { []const u8, []const u8 };
 
-    pub fn next(self: *Iterator, _: *const Execution) ?Iterator.Entry {
+    pub fn next(self: *Iterator, _: *const Page) ?Iterator.Entry {
         const index = self.index;
         const entries = self.kv._entries.items;
         if (index >= entries.len) {

src/browser/webapi/Location.zig

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ const Location = @This();
 _url: *URL,
 
 pub fn init(raw_url: [:0]const u8, page: *Page) !*Location {
-    const url = try URL.init(raw_url, null, &page.js.execution);
+    const url = try URL.init(raw_url, null, page);
     return page._factory.create(Location{
         ._url = url,
     });
@@ -53,12 +53,12 @@ pub fn getPort(self: *const Location) []const u8 {
     return self._url.getPort();
 }
 
-pub fn getOrigin(self: *const Location, exec: *const js.Execution) ![]const u8 {
+pub fn getOrigin(self: *const Location, page: *const Page) ![]const u8 {
-    return self._url.getOrigin(exec);
+    return self._url.getOrigin(page);
 }
 
-pub fn getSearch(self: *const Location, exec: *const js.Execution) ![]const u8 {
+pub fn getSearch(self: *const Location, page: *const Page) ![]const u8 {
-    return self._url.getSearch(exec);
+    return self._url.getSearch(page);
 }
 
 pub fn getHash(self: *const Location) []const u8 {
@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ pub fn reload(_: *const Location, page: *Page) !void {
     return page.scheduleNavigation(page.url, .{ .reason = .script, .kind = .reload }, .{ .script = page });
 }
 
-pub fn toString(self: *const Location, exec: *const js.Execution) ![:0]const u8 {
+pub fn toString(self: *const Location, page: *const Page) ![:0]const u8 {
-    return self._url.toString(exec);
+    return self._url.toString(page);
 }
 
 pub const JsApi = struct {

src/browser/webapi/URL.zig

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ const U = @import("../URL.zig");
 const Page = @import("../Page.zig");
 const URLSearchParams = @import("net/URLSearchParams.zig");
 const Blob = @import("Blob.zig");
-const Execution = js.Execution;
 
 const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator;
 
@@ -37,12 +36,11 @@ _search_params: ?*URLSearchParams = null,
 pub const resolve = @import("../URL.zig").resolve;
 pub const eqlDocument = @import("../URL.zig").eqlDocument;
 
-pub fn init(url: [:0]const u8, base_: ?[:0]const u8, exec: *const Execution) !*URL {
+pub fn init(url: [:0]const u8, base_: ?[:0]const u8, page: *Page) !*URL {
-    const arena = exec.arena;
+    const arena = page.arena;
-    const context_url = exec.url.*;
 
     if (std.mem.eql(u8, url, "about:blank")) {
-        return exec._factory.create(URL{
+        return page._factory.create(URL{
             ._raw = "about:blank",
             ._arena = arena,
         });
@@ -50,9 +48,9 @@ pub fn init(url: [:0]const u8, base_: ?[:0]const u8, exec: *const Execution) !*U
     const url_is_absolute = @import("../URL.zig").isCompleteHTTPUrl(url);
 
     const base = if (base_) |b| blk: {
-        // If URL is absolute, base is ignored (but we still use context url internally)
+        // If URL is absolute, base is ignored (but we still use page.url internally)
         if (url_is_absolute) {
-            break :blk context_url;
+            break :blk page.url;
         }
         // For relative URLs, base must be a valid absolute URL
         if (!@import("../URL.zig").isCompleteHTTPUrl(b)) {
@@ -61,11 +59,11 @@ pub fn init(url: [:0]const u8, base_: ?[:0]const u8, exec: *const Execution) !*U
         break :blk b;
     } else if (!url_is_absolute) {
         return error.TypeError;
-    } else context_url;
+    } else page.url;
 
     const raw = try resolve(arena, base, url, .{ .always_dupe = true });
 
-    return exec._factory.create(URL{
+    return page._factory.create(URL{
         ._raw = raw,
         ._arena = arena,
     });
@@ -109,20 +107,20 @@ pub fn getPort(self: *const URL) []const u8 {
     return U.getPort(self._raw);
 }
 
-pub fn getOrigin(self: *const URL, exec: *const Execution) ![]const u8 {
+pub fn getOrigin(self: *const URL, page: *const Page) ![]const u8 {
-    return (try U.getOrigin(exec.call_arena, self._raw)) orelse {
+    return (try U.getOrigin(page.call_arena, self._raw)) orelse {
         // yes, a null string, that's what the spec wants
         return "null";
     };
 }
 
-pub fn getSearch(self: *const URL, exec: *const Execution) ![]const u8 {
+pub fn getSearch(self: *const URL, page: *const Page) ![]const u8 {
     // If searchParams has been accessed, generate search from it
     if (self._search_params) |sp| {
         if (sp.getSize() == 0) {
             return "";
         }
-        var buf = std.Io.Writer.Allocating.init(exec.call_arena);
+        var buf = std.Io.Writer.Allocating.init(page.call_arena);
         try buf.writer.writeByte('?');
         try sp.toString(&buf.writer);
         return buf.written();
@@ -134,30 +132,30 @@ pub fn getHash(self: *const URL) []const u8 {
     return U.getHash(self._raw);
 }
 
-pub fn getSearchParams(self: *URL, exec: *const Execution) !*URLSearchParams {
+pub fn getSearchParams(self: *URL, page: *Page) !*URLSearchParams {
     if (self._search_params) |sp| {
         return sp;
     }
 
     // Get current search string (without the '?')
-    const search = try self.getSearch(exec);
+    const search = try self.getSearch(page);
     const search_value = if (search.len > 0) search[1..] else "";
 
-    const params = try URLSearchParams.init(.{ .query_string = search_value }, exec);
+    const params = try URLSearchParams.init(.{ .query_string = search_value }, page);
     self._search_params = params;
     return params;
 }
 
-pub fn setHref(self: *URL, value: []const u8, exec: *const Execution) !void {
+pub fn setHref(self: *URL, value: []const u8, page: *Page) !void {
-    const base = if (U.isCompleteHTTPUrl(value)) exec.url.* else self._raw;
+    const base = if (U.isCompleteHTTPUrl(value)) page.url else self._raw;
-    const raw = try U.resolve(self._arena orelse exec.arena, base, value, .{ .always_dupe = true });
+    const raw = try U.resolve(self._arena orelse page.arena, base, value, .{ .always_dupe = true });
     self._raw = raw;
 
     // Update existing searchParams if it exists
     if (self._search_params) |sp| {
         const search = U.getSearch(raw);
         const search_value = if (search.len > 0) search[1..] else "";
-        try sp.updateFromString(search_value, exec);
+        try sp.updateFromString(search_value, page);
     }
 }
 
@@ -186,7 +184,7 @@ pub fn setPathname(self: *URL, value: []const u8) !void {
     self._raw = try U.setPathname(self._raw, value, allocator);
 }
 
-pub fn setSearch(self: *URL, value: []const u8, exec: *const Execution) !void {
+pub fn setSearch(self: *URL, value: []const u8, page: *Page) !void {
     const allocator = self._arena orelse return error.NoAllocator;
     self._raw = try U.setSearch(self._raw, value, allocator);
 
@@ -194,7 +192,7 @@ pub fn setSearch(self: *URL, value: []const u8, exec: *const Execution) !void {
     if (self._search_params) |sp| {
         const search = U.getSearch(self._raw);
         const search_value = if (search.len > 0) search[1..] else "";
-        try sp.updateFromString(search_value, exec);
+        try sp.updateFromString(search_value, page);
     }
 }
 
@@ -203,7 +201,7 @@ pub fn setHash(self: *URL, value: []const u8) !void {
     self._raw = try U.setHash(self._raw, value, allocator);
 }
 
-pub fn toString(self: *const URL, exec: *const Execution) ![:0]const u8 {
+pub fn toString(self: *const URL, page: *const Page) ![:0]const u8 {
     const sp = self._search_params orelse {
         return self._raw;
     };
@@ -219,7 +217,7 @@ pub fn toString(self: *const URL, exec: *const Execution) ![:0]const u8 {
     const hash = self.getHash();
 
     // Build the new URL string
-    var buf = std.Io.Writer.Allocating.init(exec.call_arena);
+    var buf = std.Io.Writer.Allocating.init(page.call_arena);
     try buf.writer.writeAll(base);
 
     // Add / if missing (e.g., "https://example.com" -> "https://example.com/")

src/browser/webapi/Window.zig

@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ pub fn postMessage(self: *Window, message: js.Value.Temp, target_origin: ?[]cons
     errdefer target_page.releaseArena(arena);
 
     // Origin should be the source window's origin (where the message came from)
-    const origin = try source_window._location.getOrigin(&page.js.execution);
+    const origin = try source_window._location.getOrigin(page);
     const callback = try arena.create(PostMessageCallback);
     callback.* = .{
         .arena = arena,
@@ -429,11 +429,27 @@ pub fn postMessage(self: *Window, message: js.Value.Temp, target_origin: ?[]cons
 }
 
 pub fn btoa(_: *const Window, input: []const u8, page: *Page) ![]const u8 {
-    return @import("encoding/base64.zig").encode(page.call_arena, input);
+    const encoded_len = std.base64.standard.Encoder.calcSize(input.len);
+    const encoded = try page.call_arena.alloc(u8, encoded_len);
+    return std.base64.standard.Encoder.encode(encoded, input);
 }
 
 pub fn atob(_: *const Window, input: []const u8, page: *Page) ![]const u8 {
-    return @import("encoding/base64.zig").decode(page.call_arena, input);
+    const trimmed = std.mem.trim(u8, input, &std.ascii.whitespace);
+    // Forgiving base64 decode per WHATWG spec:
+    // https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#forgiving-base64-decode
+    // Remove trailing padding to use standard_no_pad decoder
+    const unpadded = std.mem.trimRight(u8, trimmed, "=");
+
+    // Length % 4 == 1 is invalid (can't represent valid base64)
+    if (unpadded.len % 4 == 1) {
+        return error.InvalidCharacterError;
+    }
+
+    const decoded_len = std.base64.standard_no_pad.Decoder.calcSizeForSlice(unpadded) catch return error.InvalidCharacterError;
+    const decoded = try page.call_arena.alloc(u8, decoded_len);
+    std.base64.standard_no_pad.Decoder.decode(decoded, unpadded) catch return error.InvalidCharacterError;
+    return decoded;
 }
 
 pub fn structuredClone(_: *const Window, value: js.Value) !js.Value {

src/browser/webapi/WorkerGlobalScope.zig

@@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2023-2026  Lightpanda (Selecy SAS)
-//
-// Francis Bouvier <francis@lightpanda.io>
-// Pierre Tachoire <pierre@lightpanda.io>
-//
-// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
-// published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
-// License, or (at your option) any later version.
-//
-// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
-//
-// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-const std = @import("std");
-const JS = @import("../js/js.zig");
-
-const Console = @import("Console.zig");
-const Crypto = @import("Crypto.zig");
-const EventTarget = @import("EventTarget.zig");
-const Factory = @import("../Factory.zig");
-const Performance = @import("Performance.zig");
-const Session = @import("../Session.zig");
-
-const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator;
-
-const WorkerGlobalScope = @This();
-
-// Infrastructure fields (similar to Page)
-_session: *Session,
-_factory: *Factory,
-arena: Allocator,
-url: [:0]const u8,
-buf: [1024]u8 = undefined, // same size as page.buf
-js: *JS.Context = undefined,
-
-// WebAPI fields
-_proto: *EventTarget,
-_console: Console = .init,
-_crypto: Crypto = .init,
-_performance: Performance,
-_on_error: ?JS.Function.Global = null,
-_on_rejection_handled: ?JS.Function.Global = null,
-_on_unhandled_rejection: ?JS.Function.Global = null,
-
-pub fn base(self: *const WorkerGlobalScope) [:0]const u8 {
-    return self.url;
-}
-
-pub fn asEventTarget(self: *WorkerGlobalScope) *EventTarget {
-    return self._proto;
-}
-
-pub fn getSelf(self: *WorkerGlobalScope) *WorkerGlobalScope {
-    return self;
-}
-
-pub fn getConsole(self: *WorkerGlobalScope) *Console {
-    return &self._console;
-}
-
-pub fn getCrypto(self: *WorkerGlobalScope) *Crypto {
-    return &self._crypto;
-}
-
-pub fn getPerformance(self: *WorkerGlobalScope) *Performance {
-    return &self._performance;
-}
-
-pub fn getOnError(self: *const WorkerGlobalScope) ?JS.Function.Global {
-    return self._on_error;
-}
-
-pub fn setOnError(self: *WorkerGlobalScope, setter: ?FunctionSetter) void {
-    self._on_error = getFunctionFromSetter(setter);
-}
-
-pub fn getOnRejectionHandled(self: *const WorkerGlobalScope) ?JS.Function.Global {
-    return self._on_rejection_handled;
-}
-
-pub fn setOnRejectionHandled(self: *WorkerGlobalScope, setter: ?FunctionSetter) void {
-    self._on_rejection_handled = getFunctionFromSetter(setter);
-}
-
-pub fn getOnUnhandledRejection(self: *const WorkerGlobalScope) ?JS.Function.Global {
-    return self._on_unhandled_rejection;
-}
-
-pub fn setOnUnhandledRejection(self: *WorkerGlobalScope, setter: ?FunctionSetter) void {
-    self._on_unhandled_rejection = getFunctionFromSetter(setter);
-}
-
-pub fn btoa(_: *const WorkerGlobalScope, input: []const u8, exec: *JS.Execution) ![]const u8 {
-    const base64 = @import("encoding/base64.zig");
-    return base64.encode(exec.call_arena, input);
-}
-
-pub fn atob(_: *const WorkerGlobalScope, input: []const u8, exec: *JS.Execution) ![]const u8 {
-    const base64 = @import("encoding/base64.zig");
-    return base64.decode(exec.call_arena, input);
-}
-
-pub fn structuredClone(_: *const WorkerGlobalScope, value: JS.Value) !JS.Value {
-    return value.structuredClone();
-}
-
-// TODO: importScripts - needs script loading infrastructure
-// TODO: location - needs WorkerLocation
-// TODO: navigator - needs WorkerNavigator
-// TODO: Timer functions - need scheduler integration
-
-const FunctionSetter = union(enum) {
-    func: JS.Function.Global,
-    anything: JS.Value,
-};
-
-fn getFunctionFromSetter(setter_: ?FunctionSetter) ?JS.Function.Global {
-    const setter = setter_ orelse return null;
-    return switch (setter) {
-        .func => |func| func,
-        .anything => null,
-    };
-}
-
-pub const JsApi = struct {
-    pub const bridge = JS.Bridge(WorkerGlobalScope);
-
-    pub const Meta = struct {
-        pub const name = "WorkerGlobalScope";
-        pub const prototype_chain = bridge.prototypeChain();
-        pub var class_id: bridge.ClassId = undefined;
-    };
-
-    pub const self = bridge.accessor(WorkerGlobalScope.getSelf, null, .{});
-    pub const console = bridge.accessor(WorkerGlobalScope.getConsole, null, .{});
-    pub const crypto = bridge.accessor(WorkerGlobalScope.getCrypto, null, .{});
-    pub const performance = bridge.accessor(WorkerGlobalScope.getPerformance, null, .{});
-
-    pub const onerror = bridge.accessor(WorkerGlobalScope.getOnError, WorkerGlobalScope.setOnError, .{});
-    pub const onrejectionhandled = bridge.accessor(WorkerGlobalScope.getOnRejectionHandled, WorkerGlobalScope.setOnRejectionHandled, .{});
-    pub const onunhandledrejection = bridge.accessor(WorkerGlobalScope.getOnUnhandledRejection, WorkerGlobalScope.setOnUnhandledRejection, .{});
-
-    pub const btoa = bridge.function(WorkerGlobalScope.btoa, .{});
-    pub const atob = bridge.function(WorkerGlobalScope.atob, .{ .dom_exception = true });
-    pub const structuredClone = bridge.function(WorkerGlobalScope.structuredClone, .{});
-
-    // Return false since workers don't have secure-context-only APIs
-    pub const isSecureContext = bridge.property(false, .{ .template = false });
-};

src/browser/webapi/collections/ChildNodes.zig

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 
 const std = @import("std");
 
-const js = @import("../../js/js.zig");
 const Node = @import("../Node.zig");
 const Page = @import("../../Page.zig");
 const Session = @import("../../Session.zig");
@@ -137,7 +136,7 @@ const Iterator = struct {
 
     const Entry = struct { u32, *Node };
 
-    pub fn next(self: *Iterator, page: *const Page) !?Entry {
+    pub fn next(self: *Iterator, page: *Page) !?Entry {
         const index = self.index;
         const node = try self.list.getAtIndex(index, page) orelse return null;
         self.index = index + 1;

src/browser/webapi/collections/DOMTokenList.zig

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ const Lookup = std.StringArrayHashMapUnmanaged(void);
 const WHITESPACE = " \t\n\r\x0C";
 
 pub fn length(self: *const DOMTokenList, page: *Page) !u32 {
-    const tokens = try self.getTokens(page.call_arena);
+    const tokens = try self.getTokens(page);
     return @intCast(tokens.count());
 }
 
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ pub fn add(self: *DOMTokenList, tokens: []const []const u8, page: *Page) !void {
         try validateToken(token);
     }
 
+    var lookup = try self.getTokens(page);
     const allocator = page.call_arena;
-    var lookup = try self.getTokens(allocator);
     try lookup.ensureUnusedCapacity(allocator, tokens.len);
 
     for (tokens) |token| {
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ pub fn remove(self: *DOMTokenList, tokens: []const []const u8, page: *Page) !voi
         try validateToken(token);
     }
 
-    var lookup = try self.getTokens(page.call_arena);
+    var lookup = try self.getTokens(page);
     for (tokens) |token| {
         _ = lookup.orderedRemove(token);
     }
@@ -149,8 +149,7 @@ pub fn replace(self: *DOMTokenList, old_token: []const u8, new_token: []const u8
         return error.InvalidCharacterError;
     }
 
-    const allocator = page.call_arena;
+    var lookup = try self.getTokens(page);
-    var lookup = try self.getTokens(page.call_arena);
 
     // Check if old_token exists
     if (!lookup.contains(old_token)) {
@@ -163,6 +162,7 @@ pub fn replace(self: *DOMTokenList, old_token: []const u8, new_token: []const u8
         return true;
     }
 
+    const allocator = page.call_arena;
     // Build new token list preserving order but replacing old with new
     var new_tokens = try std.ArrayList([]const u8).initCapacity(allocator, lookup.count());
     var replaced_old = false;
@@ -237,13 +237,14 @@ pub fn forEach(self: *DOMTokenList, cb_: js.Function, js_this_: ?js.Object, page
     }
 }
 
-fn getTokens(self: *const DOMTokenList, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !Lookup {
+fn getTokens(self: *const DOMTokenList, page: *Page) !Lookup {
     const value = self.getValue();
     if (value.len == 0) {
         return .empty;
     }
 
     var list: Lookup = .empty;
+    const allocator = page.call_arena;
     try list.ensureTotalCapacity(allocator, 4);
 
     var it = std.mem.tokenizeAny(u8, value, WHITESPACE);

src/browser/webapi/collections/HTMLAllCollection.zig

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ const Page = @import("../../Page.zig");
 const Node = @import("../Node.zig");
 const Element = @import("../Element.zig");
 const TreeWalker = @import("../TreeWalker.zig");
-const Execution = js.Execution;
 
 const HTMLAllCollection = @This();
 
@@ -134,11 +133,11 @@ pub fn callable(self: *HTMLAllCollection, arg: CAllAsFunctionArg, page: *Page) ?
     };
 }
 
-pub fn iterator(self: *HTMLAllCollection, exec: *const Execution) !*Iterator {
+pub fn iterator(self: *HTMLAllCollection, page: *Page) !*Iterator {
     return Iterator.init(.{
         .list = self,
         .tw = self._tw.clone(),
-    }, exec);
+    }, page);
 }
 
 const GenericIterator = @import("iterator.zig").Entry;
@@ -146,7 +145,7 @@ pub const Iterator = GenericIterator(struct {
     list: *HTMLAllCollection,
     tw: TreeWalker.FullExcludeSelf,
 
-    pub fn next(self: *@This(), _: *const Execution) ?*Element {
+    pub fn next(self: *@This(), _: *Page) ?*Element {
         while (self.tw.next()) |node| {
             if (node.is(Element)) |el| {
                 return el;

src/browser/webapi/collections/HTMLCollection.zig

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ const Page = @import("../../Page.zig");
 const Element = @import("../Element.zig");
 const TreeWalker = @import("../TreeWalker.zig");
 const NodeLive = @import("node_live.zig").NodeLive;
-const Execution = js.Execution;
 
 const Mode = enum {
     tag,
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ pub fn getByName(self: *HTMLCollection, name: []const u8, page: *Page) ?*Element
     };
 }
 
-pub fn iterator(self: *HTMLCollection, exec: *const Execution) !*Iterator {
+pub fn iterator(self: *HTMLCollection, page: *Page) !*Iterator {
     return Iterator.init(.{
         .list = self,
         .tw = switch (self._data) {
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ pub fn iterator(self: *HTMLCollection, exec: *const Execution) !*Iterator {
             .form => |*impl| .{ .form = impl._tw.clone() },
             .empty => .empty,
         },
-    }, exec);
+    }, page);
 }
 
 const GenericIterator = @import("iterator.zig").Entry;
@@ -116,7 +115,7 @@ pub const Iterator = GenericIterator(struct {
         empty: void,
     },
 
-    pub fn next(self: *@This(), _: *const Execution) ?*Element {
+    pub fn next(self: *@This(), _: *Page) ?*Element {
         return switch (self.list._data) {
             .tag => |*impl| impl.nextTw(&self.tw.tag),
             .tag_name => |*impl| impl.nextTw(&self.tw.tag_name),

src/browser/webapi/collections/iterator.zig

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ const lp = @import("lightpanda");
 const js = @import("../../js/js.zig");
 const Page = @import("../../Page.zig");
 const Session = @import("../../Session.zig");
-const Execution = js.Execution;
 
 pub fn Entry(comptime Inner: type, comptime field: ?[]const u8) type {
     const R = reflect(Inner, field);
@@ -39,8 +38,8 @@ pub fn Entry(comptime Inner: type, comptime field: ?[]const u8) type {
             pub const js_as_object = true;
         };
 
-        pub fn init(inner: Inner, executor: R.Executor) !*Self {
+        pub fn init(inner: Inner, page: *Page) !*Self {
-            const self = try executor._factory.create(Self{ ._inner = inner });
+            const self = try page._factory.create(Self{ ._inner = inner });
 
             if (@hasDecl(Inner, "acquireRef")) {
                 self._inner.acquireRef();
@@ -63,8 +62,8 @@ pub fn Entry(comptime Inner: type, comptime field: ?[]const u8) type {
             self._rc.acquire();
         }
 
-        pub fn next(self: *Self, executor: R.Executor) if (R.has_error_return) anyerror!Result else Result {
+        pub fn next(self: *Self, page: *Page) if (R.has_error_return) anyerror!Result else Result {
-            const entry = (if (comptime R.has_error_return) try self._inner.next(executor) else self._inner.next(executor)) orelse {
+            const entry = (if (comptime R.has_error_return) try self._inner.next(page) else self._inner.next(page)) orelse {
                 return .{ .done = true, .value = null };
             };
 
@@ -93,22 +92,17 @@ pub fn Entry(comptime Inner: type, comptime field: ?[]const u8) type {
 }
 
 fn reflect(comptime Inner: type, comptime field: ?[]const u8) Reflect {
-    const fn_info = @typeInfo(@TypeOf(Inner.next)).@"fn";
+    const R = @typeInfo(@TypeOf(Inner.next)).@"fn".return_type.?;
-    const R = fn_info.return_type.?;
     const has_error_return = @typeInfo(R) == .error_union;
-    // The executor type is the last parameter of inner.next (after self)
-    const Executor = fn_info.params[1].type.?;
     return .{
         .has_error_return = has_error_return,
         .ValueType = ValueType(unwrapOptional(unwrapError(R)), field),
-        .Executor = Executor,
     };
 }
 
 const Reflect = struct {
     has_error_return: bool,
     ValueType: type,
-    Executor: type,
 };
 
 fn unwrapError(comptime T: type) type {

src/browser/webapi/encoding/base64.zig

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2023-2026  Lightpanda (Selecy SAS)
-//
-// Francis Bouvier <francis@lightpanda.io>
-// Pierre Tachoire <pierre@lightpanda.io>
-//
-// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
-// published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
-// License, or (at your option) any later version.
-//
-// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
-//
-// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-//! Base64 encoding/decoding helpers for btoa/atob.
-//! Used by both Window and WorkerGlobalScope.
-
-const std = @import("std");
-const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator;
-
-/// Encodes input to base64 (btoa).
-pub fn encode(alloc: Allocator, input: []const u8) ![]const u8 {
-    const encoded_len = std.base64.standard.Encoder.calcSize(input.len);
-    const encoded = try alloc.alloc(u8, encoded_len);
-    return std.base64.standard.Encoder.encode(encoded, input);
-}
-
-/// Decodes base64 input (atob).
-/// Implements forgiving base64 decode per WHATWG spec.
-pub fn decode(alloc: Allocator, input: []const u8) ![]const u8 {
-    const trimmed = std.mem.trim(u8, input, &std.ascii.whitespace);
-    // Forgiving base64 decode per WHATWG spec:
-    // https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#forgiving-base64-decode
-    // Remove trailing padding to use standard_no_pad decoder
-    const unpadded = std.mem.trimRight(u8, trimmed, "=");
-
-    // Length % 4 == 1 is invalid (can't represent valid base64)
-    if (unpadded.len % 4 == 1) {
-        return error.InvalidCharacterError;
-    }
-
-    const decoded_len = std.base64.standard_no_pad.Decoder.calcSizeForSlice(unpadded) catch return error.InvalidCharacterError;
-    const decoded = try alloc.alloc(u8, decoded_len);
-    std.base64.standard_no_pad.Decoder.decode(decoded, unpadded) catch return error.InvalidCharacterError;
-    return decoded;
-}

src/browser/webapi/net/FormData.zig

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub fn get(self: *const FormData, name: []const u8) ?[]const u8 {
 }
 
 pub fn getAll(self: *const FormData, name: []const u8, page: *Page) ![]const []const u8 {
-    return self._list.getAll(page.call_arena, name);
+    return self._list.getAll(name, page);
 }
 
 pub fn has(self: *const FormData, name: []const u8) bool {
@@ -76,16 +76,16 @@ pub fn delete(self: *FormData, name: []const u8) void {
     self._list.delete(name, null);
 }
 
-pub fn keys(self: *FormData, exec: *const js.Execution) !*KeyValueList.KeyIterator {
+pub fn keys(self: *FormData, page: *Page) !*KeyValueList.KeyIterator {
-    return KeyValueList.KeyIterator.init(.{ .list = self, .kv = &self._list }, exec);
+    return KeyValueList.KeyIterator.init(.{ .list = self, .kv = &self._list }, page);
 }
 
-pub fn values(self: *FormData, exec: *const js.Execution) !*KeyValueList.ValueIterator {
+pub fn values(self: *FormData, page: *Page) !*KeyValueList.ValueIterator {
-    return KeyValueList.ValueIterator.init(.{ .list = self, .kv = &self._list }, exec);
+    return KeyValueList.ValueIterator.init(.{ .list = self, .kv = &self._list }, page);
 }
 
-pub fn entries(self: *FormData, exec: *const js.Execution) !*KeyValueList.EntryIterator {
+pub fn entries(self: *FormData, page: *Page) !*KeyValueList.EntryIterator {
-    return KeyValueList.EntryIterator.init(.{ .list = self, .kv = &self._list }, exec);
+    return KeyValueList.EntryIterator.init(.{ .list = self, .kv = &self._list }, page);
 }
 
 pub fn forEach(self: *FormData, cb_: js.Function, js_this_: ?js.Object) !void {

src/browser/webapi/net/Headers.zig

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ pub const InitOpts = union(enum) {
 pub fn init(opts_: ?InitOpts, page: *Page) !*Headers {
     const list = if (opts_) |opts| switch (opts) {
         .obj => |obj| try KeyValueList.copy(page.arena, obj._list),
-        .js_obj => |js_obj| try KeyValueList.fromJsObject(page.arena, js_obj, normalizeHeaderName, &page.buf),
+        .js_obj => |js_obj| try KeyValueList.fromJsObject(page.arena, js_obj, normalizeHeaderName, page),
-        .strings => |kvs| try KeyValueList.fromArray(page.arena, kvs, normalizeHeaderName, &page.buf),
+        .strings => |kvs| try KeyValueList.fromArray(page.arena, kvs, normalizeHeaderName, page),
     } else KeyValueList.init();
 
     return page._factory.create(Headers{
@@ -30,18 +30,18 @@ pub fn init(opts_: ?InitOpts, page: *Page) !*Headers {
 }
 
 pub fn append(self: *Headers, name: []const u8, value: []const u8, page: *Page) !void {
-    const normalized_name = normalizeHeaderName(name, &page.buf);
+    const normalized_name = normalizeHeaderName(name, page);
     try self._list.append(page.arena, normalized_name, value);
 }
 
 pub fn delete(self: *Headers, name: []const u8, page: *Page) void {
-    const normalized_name = normalizeHeaderName(name, &page.buf);
+    const normalized_name = normalizeHeaderName(name, page);
     self._list.delete(normalized_name, null);
 }
 
 pub fn get(self: *const Headers, name: []const u8, page: *Page) !?[]const u8 {
-    const normalized_name = normalizeHeaderName(name, &page.buf);
+    const normalized_name = normalizeHeaderName(name, page);
-    const all_values = try self._list.getAll(page.call_arena, normalized_name);
+    const all_values = try self._list.getAll(normalized_name, page);
 
     if (all_values.len == 0) {
         return null;
@@ -53,25 +53,25 @@ pub fn get(self: *const Headers, name: []const u8, page: *Page) !?[]const u8 {
 }
 
 pub fn has(self: *const Headers, name: []const u8, page: *Page) bool {
-    const normalized_name = normalizeHeaderName(name, &page.buf);
+    const normalized_name = normalizeHeaderName(name, page);
     return self._list.has(normalized_name);
 }
 
 pub fn set(self: *Headers, name: []const u8, value: []const u8, page: *Page) !void {
-    const normalized_name = normalizeHeaderName(name, &page.buf);
+    const normalized_name = normalizeHeaderName(name, page);
     try self._list.set(page.arena, normalized_name, value);
 }
 
-pub fn keys(self: *Headers, exec: *const js.Execution) !*KeyValueList.KeyIterator {
+pub fn keys(self: *Headers, page: *Page) !*KeyValueList.KeyIterator {
-    return KeyValueList.KeyIterator.init(.{ .list = self, .kv = &self._list }, exec);
+    return KeyValueList.KeyIterator.init(.{ .list = self, .kv = &self._list }, page);
 }
 
-pub fn values(self: *Headers, exec: *const js.Execution) !*KeyValueList.ValueIterator {
+pub fn values(self: *Headers, page: *Page) !*KeyValueList.ValueIterator {
-    return KeyValueList.ValueIterator.init(.{ .list = self, .kv = &self._list }, exec);
+    return KeyValueList.ValueIterator.init(.{ .list = self, .kv = &self._list }, page);
 }
 
-pub fn entries(self: *Headers, exec: *const js.Execution) !*KeyValueList.EntryIterator {
+pub fn entries(self: *Headers, page: *Page) !*KeyValueList.EntryIterator {
-    return KeyValueList.EntryIterator.init(.{ .list = self, .kv = &self._list }, exec);
+    return KeyValueList.EntryIterator.init(.{ .list = self, .kv = &self._list }, page);
 }
 
 pub fn forEach(self: *Headers, cb_: js.Function, js_this_: ?js.Object) !void {
@@ -94,11 +94,11 @@ pub fn populateHttpHeader(self: *Headers, allocator: Allocator, http_headers: *h
     }
 }
 
-fn normalizeHeaderName(name: []const u8, buf: []u8) []const u8 {
+fn normalizeHeaderName(name: []const u8, page: *Page) []const u8 {
-    if (name.len > buf.len) {
+    if (name.len > page.buf.len) {
         return name;
     }
-    return std.ascii.lowerString(buf, name);
+    return std.ascii.lowerString(&page.buf, name);
 }
 
 pub const JsApi = struct {

src/browser/webapi/net/URLSearchParams.zig

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator;
 const Page = @import("../../Page.zig");
 const FormData = @import("FormData.zig");
 const KeyValueList = @import("../KeyValueList.zig");
-const Execution = js.Execution;
 
 const URLSearchParams = @This();
 
@@ -39,12 +38,12 @@ const InitOpts = union(enum) {
     query_string: []const u8,
 };
 
-pub fn init(opts_: ?InitOpts, exec: *const Execution) !*URLSearchParams {
+pub fn init(opts_: ?InitOpts, page: *Page) !*URLSearchParams {
-    const arena = exec.arena;
+    const arena = page.arena;
     const params: KeyValueList = blk: {
         const opts = opts_ orelse break :blk .empty;
         switch (opts) {
-            .query_string => |qs| break :blk try paramsFromString(arena, qs, exec.buf),
+            .query_string => |qs| break :blk try paramsFromString(arena, qs, &page.buf),
             .form_data => |fd| break :blk try KeyValueList.copy(arena, fd._list),
             .value => |js_val| {
                 // Order matters here; Array is also an Object.
@@ -52,25 +51,24 @@ pub fn init(opts_: ?InitOpts, exec: *const Execution) !*URLSearchParams {
                     break :blk try paramsFromArray(arena, js_val.toArray());
                 }
                 if (js_val.isObject()) {
-                    // normalizer is null, so page won't be used
+                    break :blk try KeyValueList.fromJsObject(arena, js_val.toObject(), null, page);
-                    break :blk try KeyValueList.fromJsObject(arena, js_val.toObject(), null, exec.buf);
                 }
                 if (js_val.isString()) |js_str| {
-                    break :blk try paramsFromString(arena, try js_str.toSliceWithAlloc(arena), exec.buf);
+                    break :blk try paramsFromString(arena, try js_str.toSliceWithAlloc(arena), &page.buf);
                 }
                 return error.InvalidArgument;
             },
         }
     };
 
-    return exec._factory.create(URLSearchParams{
+    return page._factory.create(URLSearchParams{
         ._arena = arena,
         ._params = params,
     });
 }
 
-pub fn updateFromString(self: *URLSearchParams, query_string: []const u8, exec: *const Execution) !void {
+pub fn updateFromString(self: *URLSearchParams, query_string: []const u8, page: *Page) !void {
-    self._params = try paramsFromString(self._arena, query_string, exec.buf);
+    self._params = try paramsFromString(self._arena, query_string, &page.buf);
 }
 
 pub fn getSize(self: *const URLSearchParams) usize {
@@ -81,8 +79,8 @@ pub fn get(self: *const URLSearchParams, name: []const u8) ?[]const u8 {
     return self._params.get(name);
 }
 
-pub fn getAll(self: *const URLSearchParams, name: []const u8, exec: *const Execution) ![]const []const u8 {
+pub fn getAll(self: *const URLSearchParams, name: []const u8, page: *Page) ![]const []const u8 {
-    return self._params.getAll(exec.call_arena, name);
+    return self._params.getAll(name, page);
 }
 
 pub fn has(self: *const URLSearchParams, name: []const u8) bool {
@@ -101,16 +99,16 @@ pub fn delete(self: *URLSearchParams, name: []const u8, value: ?[]const u8) void
     self._params.delete(name, value);
 }
 
-pub fn keys(self: *URLSearchParams, exec: *const Execution) !*KeyValueList.KeyIterator {
+pub fn keys(self: *URLSearchParams, page: *Page) !*KeyValueList.KeyIterator {
-    return KeyValueList.KeyIterator.init(.{ .list = self, .kv = &self._params }, exec);
+    return KeyValueList.KeyIterator.init(.{ .list = self, .kv = &self._params }, page);
 }
 
-pub fn values(self: *URLSearchParams, exec: *const Execution) !*KeyValueList.ValueIterator {
+pub fn values(self: *URLSearchParams, page: *Page) !*KeyValueList.ValueIterator {
-    return KeyValueList.ValueIterator.init(.{ .list = self, .kv = &self._params }, exec);
+    return KeyValueList.ValueIterator.init(.{ .list = self, .kv = &self._params }, page);
 }
 
-pub fn entries(self: *URLSearchParams, exec: *const Execution) !*KeyValueList.EntryIterator {
+pub fn entries(self: *URLSearchParams, page: *Page) !*KeyValueList.EntryIterator {
-    return KeyValueList.EntryIterator.init(.{ .list = self, .kv = &self._params }, exec);
+    return KeyValueList.EntryIterator.init(.{ .list = self, .kv = &self._params }, page);
 }
 
 pub fn toString(self: *const URLSearchParams, writer: *std.Io.Writer) !void {
@@ -316,7 +314,7 @@ pub const Iterator = struct {
 
     const Entry = struct { []const u8, []const u8 };
 
-    pub fn next(self: *Iterator, _: *const Execution) !?Iterator.Entry {
+    pub fn next(self: *Iterator, _: *Page) !?Iterator.Entry {
         const index = self.index;
         const items = self.list._params.items;
         if (index >= items.len) {
@@ -354,8 +352,8 @@ pub const JsApi = struct {
     pub const sort = bridge.function(URLSearchParams.sort, .{});
 
     pub const toString = bridge.function(_toString, .{});
-    fn _toString(self: *const URLSearchParams, exec: *const Execution) ![]const u8 {
+    fn _toString(self: *const URLSearchParams, page: *Page) ![]const u8 {
-        var buf = std.Io.Writer.Allocating.init(exec.call_arena);
+        var buf = std.Io.Writer.Allocating.init(page.call_arena);
         try self.toString(&buf.writer);
         return buf.written();
     }

src/mcp/tools.zig

@@ -175,6 +175,74 @@ pub const tool_list = [_]protocol.Tool{
             \\}
         ),
     },
+    .{
+        .name = "hover",
+        .description = "Hover over an element, triggering mouseover and mouseenter events. Useful for menus, tooltips, and hover states.",
+        .inputSchema = protocol.minify(
+            \\{
+            \\  "type": "object",
+            \\  "properties": {
+            \\    "backendNodeId": { "type": "integer", "description": "The backend node ID of the element to hover over." }
+            \\  },
+            \\  "required": ["backendNodeId"]
+            \\}
+        ),
+    },
+    .{
+        .name = "press",
+        .description = "Press a keyboard key, dispatching keydown and keyup events. Use key names like 'Enter', 'Tab', 'Escape', 'ArrowDown', 'Backspace', or single characters like 'a', '1'.",
+        .inputSchema = protocol.minify(
+            \\{
+            \\  "type": "object",
+            \\  "properties": {
+            \\    "key": { "type": "string", "description": "The key to press (e.g. 'Enter', 'Tab', 'a')." },
+            \\    "backendNodeId": { "type": "integer", "description": "Optional backend node ID of the element to target. Defaults to the document." }
+            \\  },
+            \\  "required": ["key"]
+            \\}
+        ),
+    },
+    .{
+        .name = "selectOption",
+        .description = "Select an option in a <select> dropdown element by its value. Dispatches input and change events.",
+        .inputSchema = protocol.minify(
+            \\{
+            \\  "type": "object",
+            \\  "properties": {
+            \\    "backendNodeId": { "type": "integer", "description": "The backend node ID of the <select> element." },
+            \\    "value": { "type": "string", "description": "The value of the option to select." }
+            \\  },
+            \\  "required": ["backendNodeId", "value"]
+            \\}
+        ),
+    },
+    .{
+        .name = "setChecked",
+        .description = "Check or uncheck a checkbox or radio button. Dispatches input, change, and click events.",
+        .inputSchema = protocol.minify(
+            \\{
+            \\  "type": "object",
+            \\  "properties": {
+            \\    "backendNodeId": { "type": "integer", "description": "The backend node ID of the checkbox or radio input element." },
+            \\    "checked": { "type": "boolean", "description": "Whether to check (true) or uncheck (false) the element." }
+            \\  },
+            \\  "required": ["backendNodeId", "checked"]
+            \\}
+        ),
+    },
+    .{
+        .name = "findElement",
+        .description = "Find interactive elements by role and/or accessible name. Returns matching elements with their backend node IDs. Useful for locating specific elements without parsing the full semantic tree.",
+        .inputSchema = protocol.minify(
+            \\{
+            \\  "type": "object",
+            \\  "properties": {
+            \\    "role": { "type": "string", "description": "Optional ARIA role to match (e.g. 'button', 'link', 'textbox', 'checkbox')." },
+            \\    "name": { "type": "string", "description": "Optional accessible name substring to match (case-insensitive)." }
+            \\  }
+            \\}
+        ),
+    },
 };
 
 pub fn handleList(server: *Server, arena: std.mem.Allocator, req: protocol.Request) !void {
@@ -282,6 +350,11 @@ const ToolAction = enum {
     fill,
     scroll,
     waitForSelector,
+    hover,
+    press,
+    selectOption,
+    setChecked,
+    findElement,
 };
 
 const tool_map = std.StaticStringMap(ToolAction).initComptime(.{
@@ -300,6 +373,11 @@ const tool_map = std.StaticStringMap(ToolAction).initComptime(.{
     .{ "fill", .fill },
     .{ "scroll", .scroll },
     .{ "waitForSelector", .waitForSelector },
+    .{ "hover", .hover },
+    .{ "press", .press },
+    .{ "selectOption", .selectOption },
+    .{ "setChecked", .setChecked },
+    .{ "findElement", .findElement },
 });
 
 pub fn handleCall(server: *Server, arena: std.mem.Allocator, req: protocol.Request) !void {
@@ -334,6 +412,11 @@ pub fn handleCall(server: *Server, arena: std.mem.Allocator, req: protocol.Reque
         .fill => try handleFill(server, arena, req.id.?, call_params.arguments),
         .scroll => try handleScroll(server, arena, req.id.?, call_params.arguments),
         .waitForSelector => try handleWaitForSelector(server, arena, req.id.?, call_params.arguments),
+        .hover => try handleHover(server, arena, req.id.?, call_params.arguments),
+        .press => try handlePress(server, arena, req.id.?, call_params.arguments),
+        .selectOption => try handleSelectOption(server, arena, req.id.?, call_params.arguments),
+        .setChecked => try handleSetChecked(server, arena, req.id.?, call_params.arguments),
+        .findElement => try handleFindElement(server, arena, req.id.?, call_params.arguments),
     }
 }
 
@@ -400,17 +483,9 @@ fn handleNodeDetails(server: *Server, arena: std.mem.Allocator, id: std.json.Val
         backendNodeId: CDPNode.Id,
     };
     const args = try parseArgs(Params, arena, arguments, server, id, "nodeDetails");
+    const resolved = try resolveNodeAndPage(server, id, args.backendNodeId);
 
-    _ = server.session.currentPage() orelse {
+    const details = lp.SemanticTree.getNodeDetails(arena, resolved.node, &server.node_registry, resolved.page) catch {
-        return server.sendError(id, .PageNotLoaded, "Page not loaded");
-    };
-
-    const node = server.node_registry.lookup_by_id.get(args.backendNodeId) orelse {
-        return server.sendError(id, .InvalidParams, "Node not found");
-    };
-
-    const page = server.session.currentPage().?;
-    const details = lp.SemanticTree.getNodeDetails(arena, node.dom, &server.node_registry, page) catch {
         return server.sendError(id, .InternalError, "Failed to get node details");
     };
 
@@ -510,26 +585,19 @@ fn handleClick(server: *Server, arena: std.mem.Allocator, id: std.json.Value, ar
         backendNodeId: CDPNode.Id,
     };
     const args = try parseArgs(ClickParams, arena, arguments, server, id, "click");
+    const resolved = try resolveNodeAndPage(server, id, args.backendNodeId);
 
-    const page = server.session.currentPage() orelse {
+    lp.actions.click(resolved.node, resolved.page) catch |err| {
-        return server.sendError(id, .PageNotLoaded, "Page not loaded");
-    };
-
-    const node = server.node_registry.lookup_by_id.get(args.backendNodeId) orelse {
-        return server.sendError(id, .InvalidParams, "Node not found");
-    };
-
-    lp.actions.click(node.dom, page) catch |err| {
         if (err == error.InvalidNodeType) {
             return server.sendError(id, .InvalidParams, "Node is not an HTML element");
         }
         return server.sendError(id, .InternalError, "Failed to click element");
     };
 
-    const page_title = page.getTitle() catch null;
+    const page_title = resolved.page.getTitle() catch null;
     const result_text = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "Clicked element (backendNodeId: {d}). Page url: {s}, title: {s}", .{
         args.backendNodeId,
-        page.url,
+        resolved.page.url,
         page_title orelse "(none)",
     });
     const content = [_]protocol.TextContent([]const u8){.{ .text = result_text }};
@@ -542,27 +610,20 @@ fn handleFill(server: *Server, arena: std.mem.Allocator, id: std.json.Value, arg
         text: []const u8,
     };
     const args = try parseArgs(FillParams, arena, arguments, server, id, "fill");
+    const resolved = try resolveNodeAndPage(server, id, args.backendNodeId);
 
-    const page = server.session.currentPage() orelse {
+    lp.actions.fill(resolved.node, args.text, resolved.page) catch |err| {
-        return server.sendError(id, .PageNotLoaded, "Page not loaded");
-    };
-
-    const node = server.node_registry.lookup_by_id.get(args.backendNodeId) orelse {
-        return server.sendError(id, .InvalidParams, "Node not found");
-    };
-
-    lp.actions.fill(node.dom, args.text, page) catch |err| {
         if (err == error.InvalidNodeType) {
             return server.sendError(id, .InvalidParams, "Node is not an input, textarea or select");
         }
         return server.sendError(id, .InternalError, "Failed to fill element");
     };
 
-    const page_title = page.getTitle() catch null;
+    const page_title = resolved.page.getTitle() catch null;
     const result_text = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "Filled element (backendNodeId: {d}) with \"{s}\". Page url: {s}, title: {s}", .{
         args.backendNodeId,
         args.text,
-        page.url,
+        resolved.page.url,
         page_title orelse "(none)",
     });
     const content = [_]protocol.TextContent([]const u8){.{ .text = result_text }};
@@ -636,6 +697,189 @@ fn handleWaitForSelector(server: *Server, arena: std.mem.Allocator, id: std.json
     return server.sendResult(id, protocol.CallToolResult([]const u8){ .content = &content });
 }
 
+fn handleHover(server: *Server, arena: std.mem.Allocator, id: std.json.Value, arguments: ?std.json.Value) !void {
+    const Params = struct {
+        backendNodeId: CDPNode.Id,
+    };
+    const args = try parseArgs(Params, arena, arguments, server, id, "hover");
+    const resolved = try resolveNodeAndPage(server, id, args.backendNodeId);
+
+    lp.actions.hover(resolved.node, resolved.page) catch |err| {
+        if (err == error.InvalidNodeType) {
+            return server.sendError(id, .InvalidParams, "Node is not an HTML element");
+        }
+        return server.sendError(id, .InternalError, "Failed to hover element");
+    };
+
+    const page_title = resolved.page.getTitle() catch null;
+    const result_text = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "Hovered element (backendNodeId: {d}). Page url: {s}, title: {s}", .{
+        args.backendNodeId,
+        resolved.page.url,
+        page_title orelse "(none)",
+    });
+    const content = [_]protocol.TextContent([]const u8){.{ .text = result_text }};
+    try server.sendResult(id, protocol.CallToolResult([]const u8){ .content = &content });
+}
+
+fn handlePress(server: *Server, arena: std.mem.Allocator, id: std.json.Value, arguments: ?std.json.Value) !void {
+    const Params = struct {
+        key: []const u8,
+        backendNodeId: ?CDPNode.Id = null,
+    };
+    const args = try parseArgs(Params, arena, arguments, server, id, "press");
+
+    const page = server.session.currentPage() orelse {
+        return server.sendError(id, .PageNotLoaded, "Page not loaded");
+    };
+
+    var target_node: ?*DOMNode = null;
+    if (args.backendNodeId) |node_id| {
+        const node = server.node_registry.lookup_by_id.get(node_id) orelse {
+            return server.sendError(id, .InvalidParams, "Node not found");
+        };
+        target_node = node.dom;
+    }
+
+    lp.actions.press(target_node, args.key, page) catch |err| {
+        if (err == error.InvalidNodeType) {
+            return server.sendError(id, .InvalidParams, "Node is not an HTML element");
+        }
+        return server.sendError(id, .InternalError, "Failed to press key");
+    };
+
+    const page_title = page.getTitle() catch null;
+    const result_text = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "Pressed key '{s}'. Page url: {s}, title: {s}", .{
+        args.key,
+        page.url,
+        page_title orelse "(none)",
+    });
+    const content = [_]protocol.TextContent([]const u8){.{ .text = result_text }};
+    try server.sendResult(id, protocol.CallToolResult([]const u8){ .content = &content });
+}
+
+fn handleSelectOption(server: *Server, arena: std.mem.Allocator, id: std.json.Value, arguments: ?std.json.Value) !void {
+    const Params = struct {
+        backendNodeId: CDPNode.Id,
+        value: []const u8,
+    };
+    const args = try parseArgs(Params, arena, arguments, server, id, "selectOption");
+    const resolved = try resolveNodeAndPage(server, id, args.backendNodeId);
+
+    lp.actions.selectOption(resolved.node, args.value, resolved.page) catch |err| {
+        if (err == error.InvalidNodeType) {
+            return server.sendError(id, .InvalidParams, "Node is not a <select> element");
+        }
+        return server.sendError(id, .InternalError, "Failed to select option");
+    };
+
+    const page_title = resolved.page.getTitle() catch null;
+    const result_text = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "Selected option '{s}' (backendNodeId: {d}). Page url: {s}, title: {s}", .{
+        args.value,
+        args.backendNodeId,
+        resolved.page.url,
+        page_title orelse "(none)",
+    });
+    const content = [_]protocol.TextContent([]const u8){.{ .text = result_text }};
+    try server.sendResult(id, protocol.CallToolResult([]const u8){ .content = &content });
+}
+
+fn handleSetChecked(server: *Server, arena: std.mem.Allocator, id: std.json.Value, arguments: ?std.json.Value) !void {
+    const Params = struct {
+        backendNodeId: CDPNode.Id,
+        checked: bool,
+    };
+    const args = try parseArgs(Params, arena, arguments, server, id, "setChecked");
+    const resolved = try resolveNodeAndPage(server, id, args.backendNodeId);
+
+    lp.actions.setChecked(resolved.node, args.checked, resolved.page) catch |err| {
+        if (err == error.InvalidNodeType) {
+            return server.sendError(id, .InvalidParams, "Node is not a checkbox or radio input");
+        }
+        return server.sendError(id, .InternalError, "Failed to set checked state");
+    };
+
+    const state_str = if (args.checked) "checked" else "unchecked";
+    const page_title = resolved.page.getTitle() catch null;
+    const result_text = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "Set element (backendNodeId: {d}) to {s}. Page url: {s}, title: {s}", .{
+        args.backendNodeId,
+        state_str,
+        resolved.page.url,
+        page_title orelse "(none)",
+    });
+    const content = [_]protocol.TextContent([]const u8){.{ .text = result_text }};
+    try server.sendResult(id, protocol.CallToolResult([]const u8){ .content = &content });
+}
+
+fn handleFindElement(server: *Server, arena: std.mem.Allocator, id: std.json.Value, arguments: ?std.json.Value) !void {
+    const Params = struct {
+        role: ?[]const u8 = null,
+        name: ?[]const u8 = null,
+    };
+    const args = try parseArgsOrDefault(Params, arena, arguments, server, id);
+
+    if (args.role == null and args.name == null) {
+        return server.sendError(id, .InvalidParams, "At least one of 'role' or 'name' must be provided");
+    }
+
+    const page = server.session.currentPage() orelse {
+        return server.sendError(id, .PageNotLoaded, "Page not loaded");
+    };
+
+    const elements = lp.interactive.collectInteractiveElements(page.document.asNode(), arena, page) catch |err| {
+        log.err(.mcp, "elements collection failed", .{ .err = err });
+        return server.sendError(id, .InternalError, "Failed to collect interactive elements");
+    };
+
+    var matches: std.ArrayList(lp.interactive.InteractiveElement) = .empty;
+    for (elements) |el| {
+        if (args.role) |role| {
+            const el_role = el.role orelse continue;
+            if (!std.ascii.eqlIgnoreCase(el_role, role)) continue;
+        }
+        if (args.name) |name| {
+            const el_name = el.name orelse continue;
+            if (!containsIgnoreCase(el_name, name)) continue;
+        }
+        try matches.append(arena, el);
+    }
+
+    const matched = try matches.toOwnedSlice(arena);
+    lp.interactive.registerNodes(matched, &server.node_registry) catch |err| {
+        log.err(.mcp, "node registration failed", .{ .err = err });
+        return server.sendError(id, .InternalError, "Failed to register element nodes");
+    };
+
+    var aw: std.Io.Writer.Allocating = .init(arena);
+    try std.json.Stringify.value(matched, .{}, &aw.writer);
+
+    const content = [_]protocol.TextContent([]const u8){.{ .text = aw.written() }};
+    try server.sendResult(id, protocol.CallToolResult([]const u8){ .content = &content });
+}
+
+fn containsIgnoreCase(haystack: []const u8, needle: []const u8) bool {
+    if (needle.len > haystack.len) return false;
+    if (needle.len == 0) return true;
+    const end = haystack.len - needle.len + 1;
+    for (0..end) |i| {
+        if (std.ascii.eqlIgnoreCase(haystack[i..][0..needle.len], needle)) return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+const NodeAndPage = struct { node: *DOMNode, page: *lp.Page };
+
+fn resolveNodeAndPage(server: *Server, id: std.json.Value, node_id: CDPNode.Id) !NodeAndPage {
+    const page = server.session.currentPage() orelse {
+        try server.sendError(id, .PageNotLoaded, "Page not loaded");
+        return error.PageNotLoaded;
+    };
+    const node = server.node_registry.lookup_by_id.get(node_id) orelse {
+        try server.sendError(id, .InvalidParams, "Node not found");
+        return error.InvalidParams;
+    };
+    return .{ .node = node.dom, .page = page };
+}
+
 fn ensurePage(server: *Server, id: std.json.Value, url: ?[:0]const u8, timeout: ?u32, waitUntil: ?lp.Config.WaitUntil) !*lp.Page {
     if (url) |u| {
         try performGoto(server, u, id, timeout, waitUntil);
@@ -736,7 +980,7 @@ test "MCP - evaluate error reporting" {
     } }, out.written());
 }
 
-test "MCP - Actions: click, fill, scroll" {
+test "MCP - Actions: click, fill, scroll, hover, press, selectOption, setChecked" {
     defer testing.reset();
     const aa = testing.arena_allocator;
 
@@ -797,7 +1041,67 @@ test "MCP - Actions: click, fill, scroll" {
         out.clearRetainingCapacity();
     }
 
-    // Evaluate assertions
+    {
+        // Test Hover
+        const el = page.document.getElementById("hoverTarget", page).?.asNode();
+        const el_id = (try server.node_registry.register(el)).id;
+        var id_buf: [12]u8 = undefined;
+        const id_str = std.fmt.bufPrint(&id_buf, "{d}", .{el_id}) catch unreachable;
+        const msg = try std.mem.concat(aa, u8, &.{ "{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"id\":5,\"method\":\"tools/call\",\"params\":{\"name\":\"hover\",\"arguments\":{\"backendNodeId\":", id_str, "}}}" });
+        try router.handleMessage(server, aa, msg);
+        try testing.expect(std.mem.indexOf(u8, out.written(), "Hovered element") != null);
+        out.clearRetainingCapacity();
+    }
+
+    {
+        // Test Press
+        const el = page.document.getElementById("keyTarget", page).?.asNode();
+        const el_id = (try server.node_registry.register(el)).id;
+        var id_buf: [12]u8 = undefined;
+        const id_str = std.fmt.bufPrint(&id_buf, "{d}", .{el_id}) catch unreachable;
+        const msg = try std.mem.concat(aa, u8, &.{ "{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"id\":6,\"method\":\"tools/call\",\"params\":{\"name\":\"press\",\"arguments\":{\"key\":\"Enter\",\"backendNodeId\":", id_str, "}}}" });
+        try router.handleMessage(server, aa, msg);
+        try testing.expect(std.mem.indexOf(u8, out.written(), "Pressed key") != null);
+        out.clearRetainingCapacity();
+    }
+
+    {
+        // Test SelectOption
+        const el = page.document.getElementById("sel2", page).?.asNode();
+        const el_id = (try server.node_registry.register(el)).id;
+        var id_buf: [12]u8 = undefined;
+        const id_str = std.fmt.bufPrint(&id_buf, "{d}", .{el_id}) catch unreachable;
+        const msg = try std.mem.concat(aa, u8, &.{ "{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"id\":7,\"method\":\"tools/call\",\"params\":{\"name\":\"selectOption\",\"arguments\":{\"backendNodeId\":", id_str, ",\"value\":\"b\"}}}" });
+        try router.handleMessage(server, aa, msg);
+        try testing.expect(std.mem.indexOf(u8, out.written(), "Selected option") != null);
+        out.clearRetainingCapacity();
+    }
+
+    {
+        // Test SetChecked (checkbox)
+        const el = page.document.getElementById("chk", page).?.asNode();
+        const el_id = (try server.node_registry.register(el)).id;
+        var id_buf: [12]u8 = undefined;
+        const id_str = std.fmt.bufPrint(&id_buf, "{d}", .{el_id}) catch unreachable;
+        const msg = try std.mem.concat(aa, u8, &.{ "{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"id\":8,\"method\":\"tools/call\",\"params\":{\"name\":\"setChecked\",\"arguments\":{\"backendNodeId\":", id_str, ",\"checked\":true}}}" });
+        try router.handleMessage(server, aa, msg);
+        try testing.expect(std.mem.indexOf(u8, out.written(), "checked") != null);
+        out.clearRetainingCapacity();
+    }
+
+    {
+        // Test SetChecked (radio)
+        const el = page.document.getElementById("rad", page).?.asNode();
+        const el_id = (try server.node_registry.register(el)).id;
+        var id_buf: [12]u8 = undefined;
+        const id_str = std.fmt.bufPrint(&id_buf, "{d}", .{el_id}) catch unreachable;
+        const msg = try std.mem.concat(aa, u8, &.{ "{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"id\":9,\"method\":\"tools/call\",\"params\":{\"name\":\"setChecked\",\"arguments\":{\"backendNodeId\":", id_str, ",\"checked\":true}}}" });
+        try router.handleMessage(server, aa, msg);
+        try testing.expect(std.mem.indexOf(u8, out.written(), "checked") != null);
+        out.clearRetainingCapacity();
+    }
+
+    // Evaluate JS assertions for all actions
     var ls: js.Local.Scope = undefined;
     page.js.localScope(&ls);
     defer ls.deinit();
@@ -809,12 +1113,66 @@ test "MCP - Actions: click, fill, scroll" {
     const result = try ls.local.exec(
         \\ window.clicked === true && window.inputVal === 'hello' &&
         \\ window.changed === true && window.selChanged === 'opt2' &&
-        \\ window.scrolled === true
+        \\ window.scrolled === true &&
+        \\ window.hovered === true &&
+        \\ window.keyPressed === 'Enter' && window.keyReleased === 'Enter' &&
+        \\ window.sel2Changed === 'b' &&
+        \\ window.chkClicked === true && window.chkChanged === true &&
+        \\ window.radClicked === true && window.radChanged === true
     , null);
 
     try testing.expect(result.isTrue());
 }
 
+test "MCP - findElement" {
+    defer testing.reset();
+    const aa = testing.arena_allocator;
+
+    var out: std.io.Writer.Allocating = .init(aa);
+    const server = try testLoadPage("http://localhost:9582/src/browser/tests/mcp_actions.html", &out.writer);
+    defer server.deinit();
+
+    {
+        // Find by role
+        const msg =
+            \\{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"tools/call","params":{"name":"findElement","arguments":{"role":"button"}}}
+        ;
+        try router.handleMessage(server, aa, msg);
+        try testing.expect(std.mem.indexOf(u8, out.written(), "Click Me") != null);
+        out.clearRetainingCapacity();
+    }
+
+    {
+        // Find by name (case-insensitive substring)
+        const msg =
+            \\{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":2,"method":"tools/call","params":{"name":"findElement","arguments":{"name":"click"}}}
+        ;
+        try router.handleMessage(server, aa, msg);
+        try testing.expect(std.mem.indexOf(u8, out.written(), "Click Me") != null);
+        out.clearRetainingCapacity();
+    }
+
+    {
+        // Find with no matches
+        const msg =
+            \\{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":3,"method":"tools/call","params":{"name":"findElement","arguments":{"role":"slider"}}}
+        ;
+        try router.handleMessage(server, aa, msg);
+        try testing.expect(std.mem.indexOf(u8, out.written(), "[]") != null);
+        out.clearRetainingCapacity();
+    }
+
+    {
+        // Error: no params provided
+        const msg =
+            \\{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":4,"method":"tools/call","params":{"name":"findElement","arguments":{}}}
+        ;
+        try router.handleMessage(server, aa, msg);
+        try testing.expect(std.mem.indexOf(u8, out.written(), "error") != null);
+        out.clearRetainingCapacity();
+    }
+}
+
 test "MCP - waitForSelector: existing element" {
     defer testing.reset();
     var out: std.io.Writer.Allocating = .init(testing.arena_allocator);